Infection and Response

• Fungi is a eukaryotic organism , can be unicellular or multicellular
• Fungi when its unicellular for example comes as yeast

  when multicellular , comes as mushroom
• an example of fungal disease is Rose Black Spot
• Rose Black Spot

  reduces photosynthesis

  spreads via water and wind
• Treatment for Rose Black Spot is chop and destroy infected leaves or spray with fungicide
• Protists are eukaryotic cells , unicellular and multicellular
• Some protists are parasites
• Protists are transported via vectors
• An example of Protists is malaria
• prevention of malaria

  • reduce number Of mosquitos
  • Destroy its breeding site
  • kill with insecticides
  • mosquito net
  • mosquito repellent
• Viruses are non-living
• Viruses enter body’s cells

  they cant reproduce themselves

  they multiply and cause the cells to burst
• An example of viruses :

  • Measles
  • HIV
  • Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV)
• HIV stands for human immunodeficiency virus
• Measles are passed on by coughing and sneezing
• Symptoms of Measles are a red rash and fever
• HIV is passed on via sexual intercourse or exchanging bodily fluids
• HIV can show symptoms of fever and fatigue , leads to unusual infections and cancers
• Tobacco Mosaic Virus (TMV) is a virus that causes yellowing of leaves and stunted growth by reducing photosynthesis
• TMV affects plants , tobacco and tomato plants
• Bacterial disease a single celled organism , can reproduce on their own
• Bacterial diseases produce toxins , damaging cells and tissues
• An example of bacterial disease is salmonella and gonorrhea
• salmonella is food poisoning found chicken
• Symptoms of Salmonella are fever , stomach cramps , diarrhoea and vomiting
• gonorrhea is an STD
• symptoms of gonorrhea :

  • pain when urinating
  • yellow or green thick discharge
• treatment for gonorrhea

  • penicillin
• gonorrhea strains over time have become more resistant from penicillin
• the body had physical and chemical barriers from pathogens
• Skin is a physical barrier , secretes oils that kill pathogens
• Nose has a lot Of hair and mucus to trap pathogens
• Trachea is covered in mucus to trap pathogen and uses cilia to move it through tot the stomach
• The stomach has HCL which kills bacteria
• Immune system uses white blood cells to kill off pathogens
• Inside a vaccine are the pathogens we want to be immune to ( weakened )

  because they still contain some antigens , the body treats them as proper pathogens
• PROS for vaccines

  • protection
  • control over disease
  • prevents epidemics
• CONS for vaccines

  • don’t always grant full immunity
  • bad reactions / side effects
• Aspirin is a pain killer developed from the bark of willow trees
• Digitalis is developed from foxgloves to cure heart problems