Struggle for Independence

• Decolonization is the process by which colonies become independent of the colonizing country
• Decolonization was gradual and peaceful for some colonies, but violent for others, where native rebellions were energized by nationalism
• After World War II, European countries generally lacked the wealth and political support necessary to suppress faraway revolts; they also faced opposition from the new superpowers, the U.S. and the Soviet Union, both of which had taken positions against colonialism
• Forms of decolonization include Negotiated Independence and Armed Conflict
• Ghana


  Gained independence in 1957
• Kwame Nkrumah


  • First Prime Minister of Ghana
  • Pushed for the country's industrialization and wanted to improve social services
  • Wanted to push for Pan-Africa (vision of strengthening all countries in Africa) but failed because they did not have much money to support his programs and his vision for Africa
• Ghana only experienced to have an open election in 2000
• Kenya


  Gained independence in 1963
• Jomo Kenyatta


  • First prime minister of Kenya
  • Believed that Africa can only soar to greater heights if they're given the chance to practice self-rule
• Various ethnic groups in Kenya became very challenging to unite
• Daniel Arap Moi

  • Faced issues of corruption that made Kenya submerged more in poverty and chaos