Science p.2

• Describe the rock cycle

  formation of rocks through cooling of magma or compression of sediments, followed by weathering and erosion, leading to the creation of sedimentary rocks. Rocks undergo metamorphism under high heat and pressure, turning into metamorphic rocks. They may also melt to form magma, which solidifies into igneous rocks
• Features of sedimentary rocks & examples

  Layers, fossils, porous, soft

  e.g. sandstone & chalk
• Features of metamorphic rocks & examples


  hard, layers, no fossils, non-porous

  e.g. marble & slate
• Features of igneous rocks & examples

  hard, non-porous, no layers, no fossils

  e.g. basalt & granite
• How is sedimentary rock made?

  erosion breaks up rocks and weathering moves bits away. these grains are fixed together by cementation & compaction.
• How is igneous rock made?

  It is when magma cools and solidifies. If its extrusive, it forms faster with smaller crystals however if its intrusive it forms slower with larger crystals.
• How is metamorphic rock made?

  When a different rock undergoes extreme heat and pressure
• Draw a diagram of the carbon cycle

  
• how does respiration affect the carbon cycle

  it adds carbon to the atmosphere
• how does photosynthesis affect the carbon cycle

  it removes carbon from the atmosphere
• what is the carbon cycle?

  the movement of carbon through different carbon stores
• whats the greenhouse effect

  the trapping of the sun's warmth in a planet's lower atmosphere
• difference between climate change and global warming

  climate change is the long term change in global weather and global warming is a gradual increase in the airs temp on the surface of the earth
• properties of metals

  solid, shiny, malleable, good conductors of electricity, high melting points
• how do you figure out what period an element is in?

  the number of shells it has
• how do you figure out what group an element is in?

  the number of electrons on the outer shell
• Properties of group 1 metals

  alkali metals, low melting & boiling point, 1 electron on outer shell, shiny & malleable, low density, reactive, are stored, as you go down it gets more reactive
• what is the word equation for group 1 metals

  metal + water -> metal hydroxide + hydrogen
• properties of group 7 elements

  the halogens, really reactive, toxic, smelly & harmful, diatomic, non-metals, bad conductors, get progressively darker, low melting & boiling point, low density, brittle crumbly
• what are the halogen metal compounds called

  salts
• what happens to the reactivity of the halogens as you go up?

  they are increasing because the melting point is lower
• Explain the displacement reactions in halogens.

  A more reactive halogen can replace a less reactive halogen for example : fluorine + sodium chloride -> sodium fluoride + chlorine