General Parasitology

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Proliferous parasite 
The parasite enters the body of the host as one individual and grows, multiples and eventually produces number of daughter individuals
Non-proliferous parasites 
The parasites enters the body of the host as one individual and grows likewise but the daughter individuals do not multiply in the host in whom they are born
Diagnosis 
Stool Examination
Blood Examination
Urinalysis
Immunodiagnosis
Skin Biopsies
Treatment 
Deworming
Selective treatment
Targeted treatment
Universal treatment
Drug resistance
Prevention Control 
Morbidity control
Information-Education-Communication
Environmental management
Environmental sanitation
Sanitation
Common Body parts affected by parasites
Mucous membranes
Cecum
Rectum
Eyes
Esophagus
Skin
Patrick Manson 
In 1878, He discovered the role of mosquitoes in Filariasis
Laveran 
In 1880, he discovered Malarial Parasite
Sir Ronald Ross 
In 1897, he showed the transmission of Malaria by Mosquitoes
Importance of Parasitic Infections
Malaria > 300 Million cases & 2 Million Deaths
Parasite 
Organisms that infect other hosts
Parasitism 
An intimate association between parasite and living host, being physically an physiologically dependent on it.
Endoparasites
Parasites that live within the body of its host
Example: Protozoans and Helminths
Ectoparasites
Parasites that live outside the body of the host
Example: Lice
Obligate Parasite
Cannot exist without host
Example: Malarial Parasite
Facultative Parasite
Can exist independently
Example: N. Fowleri (brain-eating amoeba)
Accidental Parasite
Infection of unusual hosts
Example: E. granulosa (dog tapeworm) in humans
Definitive Host
Host that harbors adult parasite or where sexual multiplication occurs
Intermediate host
Where larval forms of parasite lives or where asexual multiplication occurs
Paratenic or Transport Host
Where parasite remains viable without development or multiplication
Human beings are definitive hosts for most parasitic infections
Except: Malaria, Toxoplasma gondi, E. granulosa
In parasites:
Protozoa are proliferous wherein the parasite enters the body of the host as one individual and grows, multiples and eventually produces number of daughter individuals. Daughters follow their mother's example and multiply.
Helminths are non-proliferous wherein the parasites enters the body of the host as one individual and grows likewise but the daughter individuals do not multiply in the host in whom they are born. They must get into another host before they can multiply.
Zoonotic Infections 
Acquired from animals
Human beings are accidental hosts
Example: Hydatid disease from dogs, Toxoplasmosis from cats
Zooanthroponosis 
Where man is not an incidental host, but an essential link in the life of a parasite like Pork tapeworm infection
Reservoir Hosts 
Vertebrate species that may act as a source of infection to man
Anthroponosis 
Parasitic infection is maintained in ma alone like Malaria and Filaria
Francisco Redi
Father of Modern Parasitology
He collected and described 108 different species of parasites
First published a book in parasite
Sources of Infection
Soil - Roundworm, Hookworm
Water - Infective cysts of Amebae, Giardia, Larvae of Schistosomes
Food - Contamination with human/animal feces; Meat may contain infective larvae
Insect Vectors - Mosquito (Malaria, Filaria), Sand Fly (Kala Azar) and House flu (Amoebiasis)
Animal - Cow (Beef Tapeworm Infection) and Dog (Hydatid Disease)
Self Infection - Finger to Mouth (pinworm infection)
Modes of Infection
Oral Transmission - Roundworm
Skin Penetration - Hookworm
Vector - Malaria, Filaria
Direct (person to person) - Congenital Toxoplasmosis
Course of Infection  
From:
Source
Infection
Incubation period
Clinical Illness
Pathogenesis 
The destruction of cells (Malaria parasite)
Trauma by hookworm
Migration of parasite by roundworm
Hypersensitivity or allergic reaction
by enzyme production (Amoebae)
Diagnosis
Stool Examination
Blood Examination
Urinalysis
Immunodiagnosis
Skin Biopsies