Science

• Mouth - turns food into small pieces with the help of saliva and teeth
• Esophagus - carries food from the mouth to the stomach
• Stomach - churns and mixes food with gastric juice
• Liver - produces bile which is stored in the gall bladder and released into the small intestine
• Gallbladder - stores bile produced in the liver and releases it into the small intestine
• Pancreas - produces enzymes that help digest food
• Small intestine - digests and absorbs proteins, fats and cabrohydrates
• Large intestine - absorbs water and salt from food, leaving a soft mass called stool
• Rectum - temporarily stores stool
• Anus - where stool exits the body
• 5 stages of digestion

  • Ingestion
  • Digestion
  • Absorption
  • Assimilation
  • Egestion
• Ingestion - the process of taking food into the body by swallowing, chewing, and/or sucking
• Digestion - The process of breaking down large molecules into smaller molecules.
• Absorption - process of passing molecules to the wall of small intestine
• Assimilation - movement of nutrients into the blood vessels of the small intestine through diffusion
• Egestion - the removal of undigested food from the body by the anus
• 3 parts of mastication

  • Teeth
  • Tongue
  • Saliva
• Mastication - chewing; turns food into bolus
• Bolus - a mass of food that is easy to swallow
• Teeth - mechanically breaks food
• 3 parts of teeth

  • Incisor (cutting)
  • Molar (grinding)
  • Canine (tearing)
• Saliva - moisten and lubricate food
• Tongue - facilitates the movement of food during the mastication
• Esophagus - a tube connected from mouth to the stomach
• Peristalsis - a series of wave-like muscle contraction in the esophagus that push the food to the stomach
• Stomach - bag-like muscular organ
• Gallbladder - stores 50 ml of bile
• Bile - green fluid that turns large fat droplets into small ones
• 3 enzymes

  • Amylase (carbohydrates)
  • Peptidase ( proteins)
  • Lipase (fats)
• Villi - thin walls with fingerlike projections that absorbs nutrients from the small intestine
• Microvilli - a microscopic villi
• Ileum - last section, where water and salt are absorbed
• Jejunum - middle section, where most absorption occurs
• Duodenum - first part, where food is mixed with digestive juices
• Colon - final part of digestive system, where water is reabsorbed
• Stomach - turns food into chyme, mixes with stomach acid
• Large intestine - reabsorptioon of water and electrolytes
• Parts of Large intestine

  • Caecum
  • Asending colon
  • Transverse colon
  • Decending colon
  • Sigmoid
• Appendix - play a role in the immune system, but not essential for survival
• parts of small intestine

  A) duoderum

  B) jejunum

  C) ileum