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Verulamium
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Verulamium
A prominent
Celtic Iron Age
settlement for the Catuvellauni, before becoming a Roman municipium
Verulamium
Evidence
of Rome-Belgic, Celtic farming settlements under
Roman
villas (Park St)
Coin minting site and powerhouse for the Catuvellauni
Belgic
buildings dating by Belgic pottery sherds and floors of
chalk
, timber framed structures
Succeeded by a
Claudian rampart
with
gravel
floors and wall trenches
Catuvellauni
they were farmers who, traded wheat for olive oil, metalwork and pottery (e.g. Amphorae)
Catuvellauni
Had good relations with nearby tribes Trinovantes and
Iceni
, as well as those across the sea as evidenced by the
Belgic
pottery (not native)
Roman
forum
Marketplace
, social space,
political gatherings
Courtyard house
, have
pades
(court for the King/emperor?)
Shrine
to
Capitoline triad
?
Shrine
to the
Imperial cult
?
Roman
basilica
Inscription to Emperor
Titus
above the entrance
Roman
temple
Believed to be dedicated to
Mercury
(
Hermes
), god of commerce, appropriate for the market town
Roman
theatre
Used for plays,
pantomimes
,
choral
events, orations
Triangle
temple at entrance
Dedicated to Cybele, goddess of nature and ferocity (agriculture), worship included
pine cones
and
sacrifice
Private
household shrines
For ancestors or favourable gods, found by mini clay/bronze figures (
Mercury
,
Venus
, Heracles)
Roman
baths
Caldarium
(hot water room), Tepidarium (warm room), Frigidarium (cold room), Apodyterium (changing room), Natatio (open swimming pool), Laconia and Sudatorium (dry and wet sweating rooms), Rooms for
massage
Roman townhouses and villas
Made from bricks, stone, with verandahs and buttresses, wealthy residences had mosaics, hypocausts and private baths
Town walls built in 3rd century, presumably for defense
Verulamium
was a thriving center with
amenities
like a forum, basilica, theater, and temples.
It was founded by the
Catuvellauni
tribe around 50 BC as a
trading post
along the river.
There were also public buildings like the
Roman Baths
, which provided hot and cold
water facilities
for hygiene and relaxation purposes.
The
Triple
Temple dedicated to Cybele, the goddess of
nature
and
fertility
, served as an important religious site for the community.
The city grew rapidly under
Roman
rule, becoming an important administrative center and
commercial
hub.