Cell Biology

• Eukaryotes store DNA in the nucleus
• Prokaryotes don't store DNA in the nucleus
• Bacterial cells are Prokaryotic
• Eukaryote cells are much larger than a Prokaryote cell
• 10x = 1 Order Of Magnitude
• 100x = 2 Orders Of Magnitude
• 1000x = 3 Orders Of Magnitude
• Nucleus - where the genetic info is stored
• Cytoplasm - solution where chemical reactions take place
• cell membrane - controls molecules that leave and enter the cell
• Mitchondria - powerhouse of the cell

  where areobic respiration takes place
• Ribosome - site of protein synthesis
• clorophyll - site of photosynthesis
• cell wall - made of celluose, strenghtens cell
• vacuole - filled with sap, give plant shape
• specialisation - adapatations to carry out a function
• light microscopes have limited magnification and resolution
• electron microscopes have a higher magnification and resolution
• magnification = size of image / real object
• bacteria multiply by simple cell division
• diffusion - movement of particles of an area of higher concentration to low concentration, down the concentration gradient
• active transport - moves substances from a more diluted solution to a more concentrated solution (against the concentration gradient)
• diffusion doesn't require energy from respiration
• active transport requires energy from respiration
• osmosis - diffusion of water from a diluted solution to a concentrated solution through a semi permeable membrane
• dilute solution contain a high concentration of water
• a partially permeable mebrane allows some molecules to pass through but not all
• cytoplasm contains a low concentration of water
• oxygen diffuses into cells carbon dioxide diffuses out