STS

• Technological Innovations

  Develop as solutions to very specific problems and well-defined needs
• Technological innovations facilitated scientific progress by leading to observations and experimentation
• Science & Technology


  Encompasses the practices and products that humans develop to modify and control nature for sustenance and comfort
• Science-based technology development accelerates economic growth through its effects on industrial productivity
• Nature of Science

  Knowing how science works puts scientific facts in perspective
• Scientific process

  Science is a process, not a list of discoveries
• Hypothesis


  One of the steps of the scientific process, an "if-then" statement or educated guess based on observation, to be tested, accepted or rejected, a result of the analysis of data collected
• Theory


  Accumulated evidence, over time, performed through a series of reproducible experiments
• Paradigm


  A widely accepted model, example or framework
• Paradigm Shift


  A fundamental change in approach or underlying assumptions
• Human beings embarked in scientific activities in order to know and understand everything around them
• Human beings persistently observed and studied the natural and physical world in order to find meanings and seek answers to many questions
• Human beings developed noble ideas, later known as philosophy
• Scientific Revolution

  The period of enlightenment when the developments in the fields of mathematics, physics, astronomy, biology, and chemistry transformed the views of society about nature
• Science as an Idea

  Includes ideas, theories, and all available systematic explanations and observations about the natural and physical world
• Science as an Intellectual activity


  Encompasses a systematic and practical study of the natural and physical world, involving systematic observation and experimentation
• Science as a body of knowledge


  A subject or a discipline, a field of study, or a body of knowledge that deals with the process of learning about the natural and physical world, what we refer to as school science
• Science as personal and social activity


  Science is both knowledge and activities done by human beings to develop better understanding of the world around them, a means to improve life and to survive in life, interwoven with people's lives
• Nicolaus Copernicus


  Proposed the Heliocentric Model (Model of the Universe), wrote the Commentariolus (little commentary), circulated a summary of his ideas to his few close friends in a manuscript
• Charles Darwin


  Introduced the idea of all organic life, including human beings, under the realm of evolutionary thinking, published his book The Origin of Species in 1859, published his book The Descent of Man in 1871
• Sigmund Freud


  Father of Psychoanalysis, his method of psychoanalysis was proven to be effective in understanding some neurological conditions that were not understood by medicine at that time, his method was Orthodox – focusing on human sexuality and evil of man
• The Maya Civilization is the most famous civilizations that lasted for approximately 2,000 years
• The Inca Civilization made advanced scientific ideas considering their limitations as an old civilization
• Inca's scientific ideas and tools


  • Roads paved with stones
  • Stone buildings that surmounted earthquakes and other disaster
  • Irrigation system and technique for storing water for their crops to grow in all types of land
  • Calendar with 12 months to mark their religious festivals and prepare them for planting season
  • The first suspension bridge
  • Quipu, a system of knotted ropes to keep records that only experts can interpret
  • Inca textiles since cloth was one of the specially prized artistic achievements
• Internal Influences

  • Survival
  • Culture
  • Economic Activities
• External Influences

  • Foreign Colonizers
  • Traders with Foreign Countries
  • International Economic Demands
• Influences In The Development Of S&T In The Philippines

  • Colonial History
  • Educational System
  • Government Policies
  • Natural Resources
  • Cultural Influences
• FE DEL MUNDO (1911–2011)


  Was a pioneering pediatrician, first woman to attend Harvard Medical School, she established the first pediatric hospital in the Philippines, made significant contributions to child healthcare and medical education
• ARTURO ALCARAZ (1916–2001)


  Was a renowned chemist, known for his research on coconut oil, biofuel, and alternative energy sources, he was dubbed the "Father of Biofuel in the Philippines", he used coconut oil as a renewable energy
• GREGORIO ZARA (1902–1978)


  Was a prolific inventor and physicist, made significant contributions to the field of electrical engineering, he invented the two-way television telephone (videophone), he contributed to the development of the solar energy technology
• DIOSDADO BANATAO (1946–PRESENT)


  A renowned engineer and entrepreneur, the "Bill Gates of the Philippines", "Father of the Philippine Electronics Industry", he pioneered the development of several key technologies, including the PC chipset, Ethernet controller chip, and graphics accelerator chip
• Nicanor Reyes Jr. (1921–1982)


  Was the founder of Far Eastern University (FEU), considered a pioneer in Philippine telecommunications, he established the first telecommunications company in the Philippines – the Philippine Long Distance Telephone Company (PLDT)
• Human Flourishing


  Refers to the use of scientific advancements and technological innovations to enhance the overall well-being, happiness, and fulfillment of individuals and societies, it encompasses the idea that scientific and technological progress should not only contribute to economic growth but also lead to the improvement of human lives in diverse ways, it is the foundation for societal progress, emphasizing well-being, happiness, and fulfillment
• Humanity became more complex, and the primary goal was not merely to survive, but to live the good life
• Healthcare Advancements


  Developing new and more effective treatments for diseases, improving diagnostics, and enhancing medical procedures contribute to human flourishing by reducing suffering and extending life expectancy, advancements in preventive healthcare, such as vaccines and early detection technologies, can prevent diseases and promote overall well-being
• Environmental Sustainability


  Creating technologies that reduce environmental impact, promote renewable energy, and enhance resource efficiency contribute to both human flourishing and the well-being of the planet, scientific research and technological innovations are crucial in addressing climate change, ensuring a sustainable environment for current and future generations
• Access to Information and Education


  Providing global access to information and educational resources through the internet and digital technologies enhances learning opportunities and facilitates the dissemination of knowledge, contributing to human flourishing, technological platforms and tools that enable online education empower individuals, including those in underserved communities, to access quality education and improve their skills
• Social Connectivity and Collaboration


  Platforms that facilitate communication, collaboration, and social interaction connect people globally, fostering a sense of community and belonging, which is essential for human flourishing, utilizing the collective intelligence of diverse groups through digital platforms can lead to innovative solutions for complex societal challenges, promoting human flourishing on a broader scale
• Assistive Technologies


  Creating technologies that enhance accessibility for individuals with disabilities, such as screen readers, adaptive keyboards, and mobility aids, promotes inclusivity and improves the quality of life for people with diverse needs, innovations like prosthetics, hearing aids, and assistive communication devices empower individuals with disabilities, enabling them to participate more fully in society
• Ethical Considerations and Responsible Innovation


  Ensuring that artificial intelligence and data-driven technologies are developed and used responsibly, respecting privacy and avoiding bias, is crucial for maintaining human dignity and flourishing in the digital age, addressing ethical questions related to genetic engineering, biotechnology, and medical research to safeguard human flourishing while advancing scientific knowledge