UAE REVIEWER

• Countries in Central America

  • USA
  • Mexico
  • Panama
  • Costa Rica
  • Nicaragua
  • Honduras
  • El Salvador
  • Guatemala
  • Belize
• Territorial islands of North America

  • 13 territorial islands
• Biggest countries in North America

  • Canada
  • USA
  • Mexico
• Countries in Central America


  • Panama
  • Costa Rica
  • Nicaragua
  • Honduras
  • El Salvador
  • Guatemala
  • Belize
• Panama Canal


  Allows ships to pass from the Caribbean Sea on the Atlantic Ocean side of the continent and cross the narrow isthmus into the Pacific Ocean
• Panama Canal constructed and opened

  1914
• The Panama Canal is the end point of North America and where South America begins
• Caribbean Islands


  • Cuba
  • Haiti
  • Jamaica
  • Dominican Republic
  • Puerto Rico
  • US Virgin Islands
  • British Virgin Islands
  • Bahamas
  • Barbados
• Some parts of Canada lie within the Arctic Circle, where all land remains in polar darkness during winter months and in sunlight during six months peaking during summer
• Canadian Shield


  A large sheet of rock that stretches all the way from eastern to southern Canada
• Farming is limited in the Canadian Shield region because winters are long
• Indigenous people of North America


  Distinct social and cultural groups that share collective ancestral ties to the lands and natural resources where they live
• First people migrated to North America from Asia during the last ice age


  Around 20,000 years ago
• Bering Land Bridge


  Connected Asia and North America, allowing migration from northern Russia across the Bering Strait
• Evidence of settlements in the Orogrande Cave in New Mexico, USA before the last ice age


  Around 35,000 BCE
• Indigenous people of the Americas


  Tribes and nations whose ancestors were already on the continent when European explorers and colonizers arrived
• Traditional lifestyles of indigenous people of the Americas


  • Hunter-gatherers
  • Aquaculture
  • Agriculture
• Aquaculture


  Controlled cultivation of aquatic organisms
• Agriculture


  Crop and livestock production
• Amerindians


  American Indians
• Christopher Columbus reached the Bahamas


  1492
• Christopher Columbus


  Reached the Bahamas while trying to reach India through the Atlantic Ocean in the west, on behalf of Queen Isabella of Spain
• Amerigo Vespucci


  Italian writer who put America on the map as the "New World"
• Groups that arrived later settled in less hospitable northern areas, such as the Eskimo or Inuit in Alaska, North Canada and Greenland
• First People/First Nations


  Indigenous people of Canada
• Inuit


  Aboriginal people of Arctic Canada who hunted caribou with bows and arrows, used dogsleds and snowmobiles, and wore clothing made of caribou furs, including igloos
• The terms "native" and "Eskimo" are generally regarded as disrespectful and are rarely used unless specifically required
• Inuit


  Group of people
• The term "Eskimo" means "the eaters of raw flesh" and was introduced by "southerners", negatively denoting the eating of raw flesh and perpetuating a stereotype that denigrated the Inuit
• Indigenas

  Indigenous people of Mexico
• From the early 1400s, Europeans were finding a way to get to China and India by sea, starting the Age of Discovery
• what is matter?

  → matter is anything that occupies space and has mass.

  atoms, “the basic building blocks of matter”. this is because atoms are the basis of all matter, they are small, and consist of even tinier particles. everything that takes up space and has volume has atoms.

  molecules, however, are groups of two or more atoms. they are securely bound

  together by attractive forces, or by chemical bonds.