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MST511
Diffusion
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NUR AFIQAH BINTI ADNAN
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Cards (16)
Diffusion
Mass transport
by
atomic motion
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Diffusion
mechanisms
1. Gases &
Liquids
- random (Brownian) motion
2.
Solids
- vacancy diffusion or interstitial diffusion
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Interdiffusion
In an alloy, atoms tend to migrate from regions of
high
concentration to regions of
low
concentration
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Self-diffusion
In an
elemental
solid, atoms also
migrate
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Vacancy
diffusion
1. Atoms exchange with
vacancies
2. Applies to
substitutional
impurities atoms
3. Rate depends on number of
vacancies
and
activation
energy to exchange
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Diffusion
simulation
Interdiffusion
across an
interface
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Interstitial diffusion
Smaller atoms can
diffuse
between atoms, more rapid than
vacancy
diffusion
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Case
hardening
Diffuse
carbon atoms into the
host
iron atoms at the surface
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Doping
silicon with phosphorus for n-type semiconductors
Deposit P rich layers on surface,
heat
it, results in doped
silicon
semiconductor regions
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Flux
Moles
(or mass) diffusing per unit
surface area
per unit time
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Fick's first law of diffusion
Flux is
proportional
to the
concentration
gradient
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Diffusion
coefficient
Increases
with
increasing
temperature
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Diffusion
coefficient
D = Do exp(
-Qd/RT
)
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Interstitial
diffusion is
faster
than substitutional diffusion
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Factors
that make diffusion faster
Open
crystal
structures
Materials with
secondary
bonding
Smaller
diffusing
atoms
Lower
density
materials
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Factors
that make diffusion
slower
Close-packed
structures
Materials with
covalent
bonding
Larger
diffusing atoms
Higher
density materials
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