DNA Structure

• A nucleus is made up of 46 chromosomes (23 from each parent)
• Biomolecules are made up of

  • lipids
  • proteins
  • nucleic acids
  • carbohydrates
• A Nucleotide is the base structure of nucleic acids
• Polymers are giant molecules that consist of long chains of units called

  monomers
• 3 components of a nucleotide are

  • Phosphate
  • Pentose
  • Nitrogenous Base
• DNA stands for Deoxyribose Acid
• RNA stands for Ribonucleic Acid
• ATP stand for Adenosine Tripnosphate
• The types of nucleic acid are

  • DNA
  • RNA
  • ATD
• 1. Deoxyribose is deoxygenated and ribose is oxygenated

  
• name the parts of a nucleotide (monomer)

  A) phosphate group

  B) pentose sugar

  C) nitrogenous base

  
• DNA is made up of many connected nucleotide called monomers
• DNA stores the information in a genetic code
• Nucleic Acids stores and transmits hereditary information
• Deoxyribose is the 5-carbon sugar found in DNA
• mRNA carries the information to the protein synthesis
• The purines are

  • Adenine
  • Guanine
• The pyrimidines are

  • Cytosine
  • Thymine (URASIL IN RNA)
• The Uracil is the only pyrimidine found in RNA
• Polymers are linked by hydrogen bonds
• The base pair of Adenine (A) is Thymine (T)
• The base pair of Cytosine (C) is Guanine (G)
• Adenine and Thymine are connected by 2 hydrogen bonds
• Cytosine and Guanine are connected by 3 hydrogen bonds
• RNA is a single strand
• DNA is a double strand
• Nucleotides are connected on Carbon 3 of the Pentose Sugar
• The phosphate is connected on Carbon 5 of the Pentose Sugar
• The nitrogenous base are connected to Carbon 1 of the Pentose Sugar
• The types of nitrogenous bases are

  Thymine

  Adenine

  Guanine

  Cytosine
• The length of one turn in the DNA is 3.4 nm
• The radius of a DNA is 1 nm
• the diameter of a DNA is 2 nm
• The distance between a nucleotide is 0.34 nm
• 10 nucleotides makes up 1 turn
• Growth 1 - Primary Growth - Cells accomplish most of their growth
• DNA replication occurs in S PHASE
• DNA replication occurs in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells
• DNA replication occurs in the Nucloid Region of prokaryotic cells
• M phase means ready for cell division