BI111

• Variables affecting life on land


  • Temperature
  • Precipitation
  • Sunlight
  • Soil
  • Oxygen
• Adaptation


  The special characteristics that enable plants and animals to be successful in a particular environment
• Adaptations


  • Bright orange and black on a monarch butterfly

  
• Adaptations afford the organism a better chance to survive in its surroundings
• Properties of life

  • Order
  • Sensitivity or response to the environment
  • Reproduction
  • Growth and development
  • Regulation
  • Homeostasis
  • Energy processing
• Organisms


  • Highly organized, coordinated structures that consist of one or more cells
  • Even very simple, single-celled organisms are remarkably complex with cell organelles and other cellular inclusions
  • In multicellular organisms, similar cells form tissues, tissues form organs, and organs form organ systems
• Order


  Organisms are highly organized, coordinated structures
• Sensitivity or response to stimuli


  Organisms respond to diverse stimuli like plants bending toward light or responding to touch
• Movement toward a stimulus is a positive response, while movement away from a stimulus is a negative response
• Reproduction


  1. Single-celled organisms reproduce by duplicating DNA and dividing

  2. Multicellular organisms produce specialized reproductive germline cells that form new individuals

  3. Genes containing DNA are passed to offspring ensuring similar characteristics
• Adaptation


  • The "fit" of an organism to its environment, a consequence of evolution by natural selection
  • Adaptations enhance the reproductive potential of individuals
  • Adaptations are not constant and change as the environment changes
• Growth and development


  Organisms grow and develop following instructions coded in their genes
• Homeostasis


  The ability of an organism to maintain constant internal conditions despite environmental changes, like regulating body temperature
• Energy processing


  Organisms capture energy from the sun (photosynthesis) or use chemical energy in food (cellular respiration)
• Evolution


  • The diversity of life on Earth is a result of random mutations in hereditary material over time, allowing organisms to adapt to changing environments
  • Organisms with characteristics fit for the environment will have greater reproductive success due to natural selection
• What are some variables that affect the life on land?


  Temperature

  Precipitation

  Sunlight

  Soil

  Oxygen
• Example: Tropical Rainforest. What do living things interact with?


  Non-living (abiotic) and living (biotic) parts of the ecosystems they share
• What are the structures and functions of ADAPTATIONS?


  The special characteristics that enable plants and animals to be successful in a particular environment, giving them a better chance to survive in its surroundings
• What are the properties of life?


  Order

  Sensitivity or response to the environment

  Reproduction

  Growth and development

  Regulation

  Homeostasis

  Energy processing
• Define ORDER?


  Organisms are highly organized, coordinated structures that consist of one or more cells
• ORDER - Single celled organisms are:

  Simple and complex.
• ORDER - What is inside each cell?


  Cell organelles and cellular inclusions
• ORDER - Muticellular organisms:


  Cells form tissues, tissues form organs and organs form organ systems
• Define Sensitivity or Response to Stimuli

  Organisms respond to diverse stimuli
• What is an example of Sensitivity or Response to Stimuli?


  Plants can bend toward a source of light, climb on fences and walls, or respond to touch
• Sensitivity or Response to Stimuli? - Tiny bacteria move toward of away from chemicals also known as _____________ or light also known as ________________

  chemotaxis;phototaxis
• Sensitivity or Response to Stimuli? - Movement toward a stimulus is considered a

  Positive response
• Sensitivity or Response to Stimuli?- Movement away from a stimulus is considered a

  negative response
• What is the first step that single celled organisms do to reproduce?


  Duplicate their DNA
• What is the second step that single celled organisms do to reproduce?


  Dividing it equally as the cell prepares to divide to form 2 new cells
• How do multi-cellular organisms reproduce?


  Often produce specialized reproductive germline cells that will form new individuals
• What happens when reproduction occurs?

  Genes containing DNA are passed along to organisms offspring
• When the DNA is passed to offspring, what do the genes ensure that the offspring belong to?


  The same species and that they will have similar characteristics (ex: Size and shape)
• Adaptation is when living organisms exhibit


  a "fit" to their environment
• Biologists refer FIT as adaptation because


  it is a consequence of evolution by natural selection, that operates in every lineage or reproducing organisms
• Give me an example of adaptation?

  Heat-resistant archaea that live in boiling hot springs
• All adaptations enhance what?

  reproductive potential of individuals exhibiting them
• Adaptations are not


  constant
• Natural selection causes characteristics of the people in a population to track those chances when

  the environment changes
• define growth and development


  When organisms grow and develop specific instructions for by their genes