Deviance & Preamble

• Functionalist Perspective


  • Deviance natural part of society
  • Serves positive function and negative ones. Clarifying social norms will be positive one.
• Strain Theory


  • Developed by Robert K. Merton
  • Deviances as natural growth of the values, norms, and stracture of society
  • Merton says American society places a high value on certain goals such as economic success
  • He discussed deviance in terms of goals and means as part of his Strain/Anomie Theory
• Anomie Theory 


  Other term for Strain Theory by Robert K. Merton
• Robert K. Merton


  Created Strain/Anomie Theory
• 1. Innovation
  2. Conformists
  3. Ritualism
  4. Rebellion
  5. Retreatsm

  5 Types of Deviance in Terms of Acceptance or Rejection of Social Goals and Means of Achieving them
• Innovation 


  Response due to strain generated by our culture emphasis on wealth and lack of opportunities to get rich which causes people to be innovators
• Conformists


  Accept society's goals and the socially means of achieving them
• Ritualism


  Rejects society's goals but accept society's institutionalized means
• Rebellion 


  • Similar to retreatsm
  • People in question also reject both cultural goals and means but support counterculture that supports other social orders that already exist
• Conflict Perspective


  • Deviance result of competition and social inequality
  • People with power commit deviant acts to hold on to power
  • Label deviant behaviors that threatens them
  • Those without power commit deviant acts to obtain economy rewards or to relieve their feelings of powerlesness
• Richard Quinney


  • "The ruling classes label as deviant any behavior that threatens their power"
  • Conflict theorist
• Deviance in Industrial Society


  • Behavior that those in control as threatening to their interest
  • The rich and powerful see their positions to determine which are deviant and how deviant should be punished
• Steven Spitzer


  Ways in which the culture of an industrial society defends against deviants

  1.) Critics are deviants because their beliefs, challenges it economic, political, social basis 2.) Industrialized society requires willing work force, those who will not work are considered deviants 3.) Those who threaten private property especially belonging to the rich are prime target of punishment 4.) People who show no respect for authority; who stage non violent demonstrators against established practices
• Cultural Transmission Theory


  • Deviance as a behavior learned in much the same way nondeviant behavior is learned through interaction with others
  • Transmission through interaction of deviance, the norms and values being deviant are transmitted as a result the individual is socialized into deviant behavior
• Labeling Theory


  • Focuses on how individual are identified as deviant
  • All people commit deviant acts, however not all people are labelled deviant
  • Supported by Edwin Lemert and Howard Becker
• 1. Edwin Lemert
  2. Howard Becker


  Who supported Labeling Theory
• Preamble 


  • The prologue of the constitution
  • "To Walk Before"
  • Introduction to the main subject
• Sovereign people 


  Not by virtue of the authority or permission given by a superior foreign power
• Imploring the aid of Almighty God


  Affirm our belief in existence of a Supreme Being
• To build a just and humane society


  To establish a government but also society where inequalities do not exist
• Aspirations


  Unrealized dreams of the nation as distinguished from ideals
• Truth


  Constitutional policy of transparency, accountability, and integrity
• Love


  To be loyal, and care deeply about the happiness of others