Heart

• Heart


  Has four chambers
• The left ventricle pumps oxygenated blood to the rest of the body via arteries such as the pulmonary trunk and aorta.
• Septum


  Wall that divides the right and left sides of the heart, ensuring deoxygenated and oxygenated blood don't mix
• Chamber walls


  Muscular walls that contract to generate pressure and pump the blood to its next destination
• Ventricles

  • Have thicker walls than the atria, as they have to pump blood further at a higher pressure than the atria
• Left ventricle

  • Has a thicker wall than the right ventricle, as it has to pump blood at a higher pressure to the entire body, whereas the right ventricle only has to send blood to the lungs
• Heart Diagram

  
• 4 chambers of the Heart

  
• Blood Vessels to Heart

  
• Valves


  Used to keep blood flowing forward and prevent backflow
• Heart valves


  • Tricuspid valve
  • Bicuspid valve
  • Pulmonary valve
  • Aortic valve
• Tricuspid valve


  • Lies between right atrium and right ventricle
  • Prevents blood flowing back into right atrium
  • Atrioventricular valve
• Bicuspid valve


  • Lies between left atrium and left ventricle
  • Prevents blood flowing back into left atrium
  • Atrioventricular valve
• Pulmonary valve


  • Lies between right ventricle and pulmonary artery
  • Prevents blood flowing back into right ventricle
  • Semilunar valve
• Aortic valve


  • Lies between left ventricle and aorta
  • Prevents blood flowing back into left ventricle
  • Semilunar valve
• Cardiac muscle


  • Special muscle tissue present in the walls of the heart
  • Helps to pump blood around the body
• Cardiac muscle


  • Myogenic
  • Does not tire, allowing continuous heart beating
• Left ventricle


  • Has the most cardiac muscle
  • Wall is the thickest
  • Responsible for pumping blood to the whole body
• Coronary arteries


  Supply the heart with blood and oxygen for aerobic respiration
• Pacemaker


  Special cells in the right atrium that control the rhythm of the heart
• Pacemaker sends electrical nerve impulses through the heart muscle, causing contraction
• Artificial pacemaker


  Electrical device inserted into the body to return the heart to normal rhythm
• Superior vena cava carries deoxygenated blood from the upper part of the body to the right atrium.
• Coronary Arteries supply oxygenated blood from the Aorta to the heart muscle.
• Inferior vena cava carries deoxygenated blood from the lower part of the body to the right atrium.
• Right Atrium receives deoxygenated blood from the Superior and Inferior Venae Cavae.
• Tricuspid Valve separates the Right Atrium from the Right Ventricle.
• Aorta carries oxygenated blood away from the left ventricle to the rest of the body.
• Inferior Vena Cava carries deoxygenated blood from the lower parts of the body to the right atrium.
• Veins carry deoxygenated blood towards the heart.
• Pulmonary Veins carry oxygenated blood from the lungs to the Left Atrium.
• Tricuspid valve separates right atrium from the right ventricle.
• Bicuspid valve separates left atrium from the left ventricle.
• Aortic valve separates left ventricle from the aorta.
• Arteries carry oxygenated blood away from the heart.
• Pulmonary Veins carry oxygenated blood into the Left Atrium from the lungs.
• Bicuspid valve separates the left atrium from the left ventricle.
• Left Atrium receives oxygenated blood from the Pulmonary Veins.
• Pulmonary Veins carry oxygenated blood from the lungs to the Left Atrium.
• Mitral valve separates the Left Atrium from the Left Ventricle.