CULTURAL VARIATIONS

• WHO DID RESEARCH ON CULTURAL VARIATIONS?

  Van IJZendoorn + Kroonenberg
• KEY POINTS OF RESEARCH?

  • meta-analysis
  • 32 studies, 8 cultures (used strange situation)
  • measured attachment type within each culture (intercultural)
  • measured attachment type in a culture between studies (intracultural)
• FINDINGS OF RESEARCH?

  • secure most common
  • secure = Britain
  • IA = Germany
  • IR = Israel + Japan
  • intracultural 1.5 times greater than intercultural
• EVALUATION?

  • controlled
  • population validity
  • Takahashi
  • reliability
• CONTROLLED ARGUMENT?

  • standardised to only strange situations
  • easily replicated
  • reliable for clear comparisons
• POPULATION VALIDITY ARGUMENT?

  • cross-cultural study
  • mix of collectivist and individualist cultures
  • can be generalised
• TAKAHASHI ARGUMENT?

  • strange situation is Western technique
  • not appropriate to impose
  • stress on Japanese infants
  • misleading findings
• RELIABILITY ARGUMENT?

  • meta-analysis
  • inconsistent methods
  • pointless comparing