Bio

• Sindh Textbook Board, Jamshoro
• For Class 9
• THE TEXTBOOK OF
• Reviewers


  • Prof. Dr. Basir Ahmed Arain
  • Prof. Dr. Nasir uddin Sheikh
  • Prof. Muhammad Saleem Mughal
  • Mr. Piaro Khan Saharan
  • Mr. Muhammad Qasim Qureshi
  • Mr. Daryush Kafi
  • Sayed Saleh Muhammad Shah
• Printed at:
• Authors


  • Prof. Dr. Nasir uddin Sheikh
  • Prof. Muhammad Saleem Mughal
  • Prof. Dr. Altaf Ahmed Simar
  • Prof. Dr. Zahid Ahmed Shaikh
  • Ms. Samreen Arain
• All rights are reserved with the SINDH TEXTBOOK, BOARD, JAMSHORO.
• Prepared by Association For Academic Quality (AFAQ) for Sindh Text Book Board
• Reviewed by Directorate of Curriculum Assessment and Research Sindh, Jamshoro
• Prescribed by the Board of Intermediate and Secondary Education Hyderabad, Sukkur, Larkana, Mirpurkhas and Karachi for Secondary School Examination.
• Approved by the Education and Literacy Department, Government of Sindh.
• No.SO(G-III) SELD/3-910/2019 Dated 21-10-2019 for the province of Sindh
• Patron in Chief Agha Sohail Ahmed, Chairman, Sindh Textbook Board.
• Project Director Khwaja Asif Mushtaq, Association for Academic Quality (AFAQ)
• Managing Director Shahid Warsi, Association for Academic Quality (AFAQ)
• Patron in Chief Agha Sohail Ahmed, Association for Academic Quality (AFAQ)
• Project Manager Rafi Mustafa, Association for Academic Quality (AFAQ)
• Composing Designing & Illustration Association For Academic Quality (AFAQ)
• Technical Assistance Mr. Nazir Ahmed Shaikh, Mr. M. Arslan Shafaat Gaddi
• EDITORS Prof. Dr. Nasir uddin Sheikh, Prof. Muhammad Saleem Mughal
• CONTENTS


  • INTRODUCTION TO BIOLOGY
  • SOLVING A BIOLOGICAL PROBLEM
  • BIODIVERS1TY
  • CELLS AND TISSUES
  • CELL CYCLE
  • ENZYMES
  • BIOENERGETICS
  • NUTRITION
  • TRANSPORT
• The century we have stepped in, is the century of Biology. The modern disciplines Biology are strongly influencing not only all the branches of science but each and every aspect human life.
• To keep the students. abreast with the recent knowledge, it is a must that the curricula, at all the levels, be updated regularly by introducing the rapid and multidirectional development taking place in all the branches of Biology.
• The recent book of Biology for class IX has been written in this preview and in accordance with the revised curriculum prepared by Ministry of Education, Govt of Pakistan, Islamabad reviewed by independent team of Bureau of Curriculum, Jamshoro sindh.
• Keeping in view of the importance of Biology, the topics have been revised and re-written according to the need of the time.
• Since long Biology was teaching only in IX class, the text book was consits of 19 chapters which was unable to complete in working hours. it has been decided now the Biology syllabus will be divided into portions, one should teach in 9th class and other will teach 10th class. So this book is consist of 9 chapters which have been thoroughly revised and re-written to meet the requirement of the curriculum.
• Special emphasis has also been paid to the applied aspect including the biological problems of daily life. Attention has also been focused on the causes and preventive measures of the common disorders of the human body. Being agriculture country, the agriculture aspects and problems of country are also discussed.
• Among the new editions are the introductory paragraphs, information boxes, summaries and a variety of extensive exercises which I think will not only develop the interest but also add a lot to the utility of the book.
• The Sind Textbook Board has taken great pains and incurred expenditure in publishing this book inspite to its limitations. A textbook is indeed not the last word and there is always room for improvement. While the authors have tried their level best to make the most suitable presentation, both in terms of concept and treatment, there may still have some deficiencies and omissions. Learned teachers and worthy students are, therefore, requested to be kind enough to point out the short comings of the text or diagrams and to communicate their suggestions and objections for the improvement of the next edition of this book.
• In the end, I am thankful to our learned authors, editors and specialist of Board for their relentless service rendered for the cause of education.
• Chairman, Sindh Textbook Board
• Major Concept
• In this Unit you will learn:
• Topics covered


  • Introduction of Biology
  • Definition of Biology
  • Divisions and Branches of Biology
  • Relation of Biology with other sciences
  • Quran Instructs to reveal the study of life
  • The Levels of Organization
• Biology is a branch of natural sciences which deals with the study of living beings. It provides the knowledge about living organisms which differ from each other in shape, size, composition etc. The word biology comes from Greek language "Bios" meaning "live" and "Logos" meaning "thought or reasoning". Thus biology meaning study of life.
• Life cannot be defined properly, but on the basis of life processes, it can be identified through following functions of living organisms.
• Functions of living organisms


  • Digestion
  • Respiration
  • Metabolism
  • Movement
  • Growth
  • Development
  • Excretion
  • Irritability
  • Reproduction
• There are three major divisions of biology: Zoology, Botany, and Microbiology.
• Branches of Biology


  • Morphology
  • Anatomy
  • Cell biology
  • Histology
  • Physiology
  • Taxonomy
  • Genetics
  • Developmental biology
  • Environmental biology
  • Paleontology
  • Biotechnology
  • Socio-biology
  • Parasitology
  • Pharmacology
  • Molecular biology
• Biology is a multidimensional subject and linked with other sciences such as Biophysics, Biomathematics/Biometry, Biochemistry, Biogeography, and Bio-economics.