cell structure

• Cells


  The basic building blocks of life that can replicate independently
• Multicellular organisms like animals and plants contain many cells that divide to grow or replace dead cells, not to create new organisms</b>
• Bacteria are single-celled prokaryotic organisms
• Subcellular structures common to animal and plant cells


  • Cell membrane
  • Nucleus
  • Cytoplasm
  • Mitochondria
  • Ribosomes
• Plant cells


  • Have a rigid cell wall made of cellulose, it supports the cell and strengthens it.
  • Contain a permanent vacuole with cell sap
  • Contain chloroplasts for photosynthesis, they contain chlorophyll, which absorbs the light needed for photosynthesis
• Bacterial cells


  • Lack mitochondria and chloroplasts
  • Have a single circular strand of DNA instead of a nucleus
  • May have additional plasmids
  • May have flagella for movement
• Bacteria are unicellular organisms
• Bacterial DNA is free-floating in the cytoplasm rather than contained in a nucleus
• The nucleus is the control center of the cell, containing genetic material (DNA) that determines the characteristics of an organism.
• Mitochondria are responsible for energy production for the cell through aerobic respiration.
• cytoplasm


  gel-like substance where most of the chemical reactions happen. It contains enzymes that control these chemical reactions.
• cell membrane 


  holds the cell together and controls what goes in and out
• bacterial cells contain

  • cell membrane
  • cell wall
  • cytoplasm
  • single circular stand of dna
  • may contain one or more small rings of dna called plasmids