MY APUSH

• Manifest Destiny


  19th century belief that the U.S. was destined to expand across the North American continent
• The religious belief that Americans had the "Divine Right" by god to expand
• The Mexican-American war; conflicts with Natives; Oregon + California + Texas sectional tensions: debate over whether new States were slave or free
• New Deal


  Pres. Franklin D Roosevelt in Response to Great Depression; series of economic reform movements to aid the depression (1933 - 1938)
• New Deal Programs


  • (CCC) - allowed single men between 18-25 to enlist in work
  • (WPA) - carried out public works projects; the construction of public buildings/roads
  • (SSA) - made social insurance program to pay retired workers (65*) income
• Reshaped role of federal govt. economy; laid the foundation for social welfare programs
• Harlem Renaissance


  Cultural, social, artistic movement in the 1920s, NYC; African American literature, music, art, intellectualism
• Key figures of the Harlem Renaissance


  • Langston Hughes (writer)
  • Zora Neale Hurston (writer)
  • Louie Armstrong (musician)
  • Duke Ellington (musician)
  • Aaron Douglas (visual artist)
• Cold War

  A period of political tension between the U.S. and the soviet union; lasted from the end of WWII to the dissolution of the soviet union (1945-1991)
• Characteristics of the Cold War


  • Ideological, political, and military rivalry between superpowers
  • Proxy wars: Korean War, Vietnam War; conflicts in Africa, Asia, Latin America communist vs. capitalist
  • Space race: Soviets - Sputnik (first satellite) U.S. - Apollo 11 (first moon landing)
• Reasons for the Soviet Union's loss in the Cold War


  • Economic: Heavy investment in the military-industrial complex, not enough money for consumer goods, infrastructure, and social services → shortages, declining living standards
  • Political: Lack of political reform; power in the hands of the communist Party elite
  • Ideological: The appeal of communism deteriorated domestically and globally as the Soviets failed to deliver on its promises of equality and prosperity; revolts within the soviet union
  • Foreign: Containment from U.S. strained global control of soviet union
• Civil Rights Movement


  Social and political movement to end racial segregation and discrimination in the U.S. (1950s - 1960s)
• Key events of the Civil Rights Movement


  • Civil Rights Act 1964
  • Voting Rights Act
  • Montgomery Bus Boycott
  • March on Washington
  • Selma
• American Revolution


  1765 - 1783, gained independence for American colonies (13)
• Constitutional convention: Philadelphia 1787 = U.S. constitution / Federal government
• Louisiana Purchase


  A land deal between U.S. and France (1803); doubled size of U.S.
• War of 1812


  Fought between Britain and U.S. over British involvement in American maritime conflicts; British interference with American shipping and impressment of sailors; ended with a stalemate but contributed to national identity and unity
• War Hawks


  • A group of Dem-Reps advocated for war with Britain to expand territory and honor
• Missouri Compromise


  Addressed slavery in western territories, Maine=free; maintained balance of free and slave states in Congress (36°30 line)
• Texas Revolution


  Texans (Anglo-Americans) rebelled against Mexican Rule; the small Republic of Texas was formed after Texans gained independence
• Key events of the Texas Revolution

  • The Alamo - Texan garrison held out against Mexican forces but lost
• Seneca Falls Convention


  First women's rights convention (U.S.) in 1848, Seneca Falls, NY; organized by suffragist Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Lucretia Mott, called for women's suffrage and issued the Declaration of Sentiments
• Trail of Tears


  Forced relocation of thousands of Native Americans, mainly Cherokee, from their ancestral lands in the Southeast to Oklahoma; marked by harsh conditions and suffering, many natives died
• Indian Removal Act


  Passed by Andrew Jackson (1830), enforced Trail of Tears
• Watergate Scandal


  President Nixon had government spies dig up dirt on his political opponents and had them break into the Democratic National Committee Headquarters; he claimed he knew nothing about the incidents and tried to cover-up the break-in, which was eventually revealed
• Facing impeachment, Nixon became the first U.S. president to resign in 1974
• The Civil War


  Conflict fought between the North (Union) and South (Confederacy) over issues including slavery, states' rights, and preservation of the Union
• Key events of the Civil War

  • Battle of Gettysburg: Bloodiest battle, 50,000+ estimated casualties, Union won
  • Surrender at Appomattox Court House: Confederate General Robert E. Lee surrendered his army to Union General Ulysses S. Grant
• Great Depression


  Severe economic downturn marked by widespread unemployment, poverty, and financial instability (1929-1941)
• Key events of the Great Depression

  • Stock Market Crash of 1929
  • New Deal Programs by Franklin D. Roosevelt
  • Beginning of WWII
• Marbury v. Madison


  Established the principle of judicial review, empowered the Supreme Court to declare laws as unconstitutional; established the principle of checks and balances; solidified the role of the Supreme Court as the ultimate interpreter of the U.S. Constitution
• McCulloch v. Maryland


  The federal government had implied powers (powers not explicitly stated in the constitution) under the Necessary and Proper clause of the constitution; states could not interfere with federal institutions through taxation; involved the constitutionality of the second Bank of the U.S. and whether Maryland had the right to tax it
• Gibbons v. Ogden


  Established federal government's power to regulate interstate commerce; federal law › state law (supremacy in matters of commerce); commerce=activity of buying and selling on a large scale; federal government power to regulate inter-state commerce, states' power to regulate commerce within their own borders
• Dred Scott v. Sandford


  Court ruled that African Americans (slaves or free) were not U.S. citizens and therefore could not sue in federal court; the court also declared the Missouri Compromise as unconstitutional (1820)
• Plessy v. Ferguson


  Case upheld the constitutionality of racial segregation (separate but equal); allowed racial segregation in public facilities, led to the implementation of Jim Crow laws throughout the South
• Brown v. Board of Education


  Overturned "separate but equal" doctrine from Plessy v. Ferguson case; the court ruled racial segregation in public schools unconstitutional
• Little Rock Central High School first to be integrated (1957) → Ruby Bridges
• Roe v. Wade


  Established a woman's right to choose to have an abortion as a constitutional right under the Due Process clause of the 14th amendment
• United States v. Nixon


  Court ruled that President Richard Nixon had to surrender tapes and other materials to a federal court; established the principle that the president of the U.S. is not above the law and must comply with judicial orders
• Worcester v. Georgia


  Native American Tribes (Cherokee) entitled to certain rights/protections under federal law; states could not exert authority over them; Federal government > states