in lesson biology

• What is a tissue

  A group of specialised cells working together to perform a shared function
• What’s mechanical digestion

  Breakdown of food physically by the jaw from larger to smaller molecules
• what’s chemical digestion

  Breakdown of food using enzymes or acids. Large to small molecules
• what does amylase break down

  Starch into sugars
• what does protease break down

  proteins into amino acids
• what does lipase break down

  lipids inot glycerol and fatty acids
• what is haemoglobin 


  protein found in red blood cells. Carries oxygen molecules around body
• what is blood plasma

  Liquid medium of blood which transports components of blood and substances other than oxygen
• red blood cell function

  carry oxygen around the body

  Contains haemoglobin
• white blood cell function

  Protect immune system

  Lymphocyte , phagocytes
• what do platelets do

  clot blood and form scabs
• everything about vein

  Carries blood to the heart

  Thin walls due to low blood pressure

  Large lumen to allow blood flow

  valves to prevent back flow of blood
• everything about artery

  Carry blood away from heart

  Thick, muscular and elastic walls to carry blood at a high pressure
• everything about capillary

  one cell thick so carbon dioxide and oxygen can diffuse easily

  High blood pressure

  Narrow lumen
• adaptations of alveoli 


  Large surface area

  moist so gases dissolve

  Thin membrane to allow short diffusion pathway
• what does a statin do

  Reduces cholesterol

  Thinner blood

  decreased blood pressure
• definition of cancer 


  Uncontrolled cell growth and division caused by mutations
• what’s a pathogen

  Microorganism/ foreign object that enters the body and causes disease
• what do stents do

  Tubes inside arteries

  keep arteries open allowing blood to pass

  push artery walls out making space in the centre

  Lower risk of heart attack in people with chd
• how to treat hiv infections to prevent aids

  antiretroviral
• solutions to prevents hiv

  Condoms more widely available

  better education
• risk factors of cancer

  obesity

  smoking

  alcohol

  uv radiation
• what is transpiration

  Transports water up xylem to stem and leaves
• what is translocation

  Transports sugars in phloem up and down the cell to provide glucose to cells.
• function of xylem

  transports water and mineral ions from roots to leaves
• function of phloem

  transports sugar produced by photosynthesis
• xylem adaptations

  Strengthened by lignin

  Made of dead hollow cells
• phloem adaptations

  Consists of living cells such as sieve tubes and companion cells
• 6 stages of cell cycle

  interphase

  prophase

  metaphase

  anaphase

  telophase

  cytokinesis
• what is mitosis

  Cell divides into 2 daughter cells. Each with identical copies of dna produced by parent cell in dna replication
• what is diffusion 


  Movement of particles from high to low concentration

  passive transport
• what is osmosis

  Movement of water from high to low concentration across a partially permeable membrane
• what is active transport 


  Movement of molecules from low to high concentration against concentration gradient.

  Requires energy from respiration and a membrane.
• role of mitochondria

  site of aerobic respiration
• role of chlorophyll


  chemical pigment in chloroplasts which absorbs energy to increase rate if photosynthesis
• definition of metabolism


  Sum of all chemical reactions in an organism
• role of cytoplasm


  anaerobic respiration
• where does lactic acid breakdown occur

  liver
• what is oxygen debt 


  amount of extra oxygen your body needs to get rid of lactic acid
• word equation for photosynthesis

  carbon dioxide + water = glucose + oxygen