Tourism

• The low season is also called the shoulder season, during this time tourism numbers drop. They can drop due to climate, number of light hours, public/school holidays, festivals, shocks and religious importance.
• By changing target markets (slow tourism), targeting local markets, offering discounts, adapting tours (virtual tours) and partnerships with local businesses can reduce impacts of seasonality
• 49% of tourism carbon footprint comes from transport.
• Effective carrying capacity included the maximum tourists that can be managed sustainably by existing managment
• The 4 stages of Doxey's index: Embrace and Euphoria, Tolerance and Apathy, Adjustment and annoyance and withdrawal and antagonism
• there is 80% economic leakage in the Caribbean
• Britton's Enclave model is the flow of tourist from developed countries (Core) to developing countries (Periphery)

  
• Plog's model outlined psychocentric (safer destinations, more conservative) types of tourism and allocentric (adventurous) tourists.
• Butlers 7 stages

  Exploration, development, consolidation, stagnation, decline and rejuvenation
• Positives of using tourism as part of countries development strategies: attraction of FDI, infrastructure improvements, improved international relations (summits).
• Disadvantages of using tourism as a tool for development: Economic leakage, opportunity cost, dependency, informal economies.
• The law of diminishing returns is a point at which the level of profits or benefits gained is less than the amount of money or energy invested
• The grey sector is retirees tourism. They have a disposable income and can pay for slow tourism. However, this sector may decrease as the promise for pensions in the UK is dwindling.
• 1994, websites like expedia and travelocity were created
• 2007 was the first double decker airplane flight
• In 1949 the first international Hilton hotel opened in Puerto Rico
• 1938 the UK enforced the holidays with pay act
• The increase of international migration has increased tourism, meaning family and relatives often visit.
• Raised expectations with international tourism due to increasing media coverage has been a factor effecting the travel industry.
• Technology, like passport biometric scanning and app systems have allowed growth to the industry.