CELL

• Cell


  Basic structural and functional unit of living organisms
• Cells carry out activities that keep you alive
• Cells


  • Significant in terms of reproduction, growth, heredity, structure and functions
• Two general classes of cells

  • Prokaryotic cell
  • Eukaryotic cell
• Prokaryotic cell


  Unicellular organisms (Bacteria, Archaea)
• Eukaryotic cell


  Multicellular organisms (Plants, Animals, Fungus)
• Prokaryotes lack a nucleus, have a single circular DNA chromosome, and divide by binary fission
• Eukaryotes have a nucleus with a nuclear envelope, have paired linear DNA chromosomes, and divide by mitosis/meiosis
• First observation of cells

  1665
• Microbial studies, diagnostics, forensics, tissue analysis, and experiments are applications of cell biology
• Eukaryotes divide by mitsosis/meiosis
• eukaryotes have paired linear DNA chromosomes
• ROBERT HOOKE discovered the cell by looking through a microscope at a cork.
• what did robert hooke examined

  cork
• Robert Hooke discovered the cell
• ANTON VAN LEEUWENHOEK - discovered the first protozoa and bacteria
• ROBERT BROWN - discovered the NUCLEUS in plant cell
• MATTHIAS JAKOB SHCLEIDEN - made the first generalized statement about cells -- all plant tissues are made out of cells, and that cell were the building blocks of plants.
• THEODOR SCHWANN - ANIMAL tissue was made of cells; cells are organisms and organisms are made up to 2 or more cells and that cells are the basic units of structure for ALL ORGANISMS
• ALBRECHT VON KOELLIKER - discovered that SPERM & EGG are cells
• CARL HEINRICH BRAUN - reworked the cell theory and called CELL the BASIC UNIT OF LIFE
• RUDOLF VIRCHOW - made theory that ALL CELLS CAME FROM EXISTING CELLS
• LOUIS PASTEUR - discovered that microorganisms cause fermentation & disease, pioneered the study of MOLECULAR ASYMMETRY, created the process of PASTEURIZATION, and developed vaccines against ANTHRAX & RABIES
• Louis Pasteur developed vaccines against anthrax & rabies
• Louis Pasteur created the process of pasteurization
• • All living things are made up of cells.
  • Cells are the smallest working units of all living things.
  • All cells come from preexisting cells through cell division.
  • Cells contain hereditary information which is passed from cell to cell during cell division
  • All cells are basically the same in chemical composition.
  • All energy flow (metabolism & biochemistry) of life occurs within cells.
• what cell structure does the plant cells have but animal cells do not

  CELL WALL & CHLOROPLAST
• what cellular structures does the animal cells have but the plant cells do not have

  CENTRIOLES

  CENTROSOMES

  CILIA/FLAGELLA
• CELL WALL - Extracellular structure SURROUNDING PLASMA w/c is commonly found in plants
• CELL WALL - Controls turgidity; provide protection & support for plants; It has primary wall, middle lamella, secondary wall, pits & plasmodesmata.
• cell wall are commonly found in plants
• PLASMODESMATA - A special opening that are used to COMMUNICATE & TRANSPORT materials between plant cells because the cell membranes are able touch and therefore exchange needed materials.
• CELL MEMBRANE

  • Outer membrane of cell that controls cellular traffic;
  • Fluid mosaic model.
  • It is made up of two lipid layers called a "bilipid" membrane.
• Cell membrane is made up of two lipid layers called a "bilipid" membrane.
• CYTOPLASM

  • the GEL-LIKE FLUID inside the cell. It is the medium for chemical reaction. It provides a platform upon which other organelles can OPERATE within the cell.
  • All of the functions for cell expansion, growth and replication are carried out here.
• CYTOSKELETON

  • Composed of microtubules
  • Supports cell and provides shape;
  • Aids movement of materials in and out.
• CENTRIOLES

  • a BARREL-SHAPED organelle which lives normally within the centrosome. Are physical objects made up of things called microtubules. These are very important for cell division.
  • They are involved in the formation of cilia and flagella.
• Centrioles are physical objects made up of things called microtubules.
• Centrioles are involved in the formation of cilia and flagella.
• Cilia and Flagella are TINY HAIR-LIKE PROJECTIONS from the cell made of microtubules and covered by the plasma membrane.