H&S exam

• Positive factors influencing health and wellbeing


  • Balanced diet
  • Regular exercising
  • Sleep and rest
  • Supportive relationships
  • Adequate financial resources
  • Stimulating activity (education, work, leisure activity)

  
• Negative factors influencing health and wellbeing


  • Genetically inherited diseases/conditions
  • Substance misuse (drugs, alcohol, smoking)
  • Poor diet (under-eating, overeating)
  • Stress
  • Lack of personal hygiene
  • Lack of exercise
  • Poverty
  • Environmental pollution
• Genetics play a part in Health and Wellbeing
• Genetic conditions


  • Huntington's Disease
  • Sickle Cell Anaemia
  • Cystic Fibrosis
  • Muscular dystrophy
  • Marfan Syndrome
  • Breast Cancer
  • Heart Disease
  • Diabetes
  • Ovarian Cancer
  • Obesity
  • Mental illness
• Genetically predisposed


  Inherited conditions that are passed down through genes

  
• How Cystic Fibrosis Affects the Lungs


  1. Damaged Lungs/breathing problems

  2. Chest infections

  3. Joint, bone and liver problems

  4. Time missed from school through illness

  
• Emotional/Social effects of Cystic Fibrosis


  • Can cause distress
  • Can make an individual feel different
  • May lead to social isolation
  • May prevent person from joining activities with others
• How Huntington's Disease affects the body


  1. Disease that causes the progressive breakdown (degeneration) of nerve cells in the brain

  2. Causes involuntary movements

  3. Difficulty moving around – they may eventually lose the ability to walk or sit up by themselves

  4. Gradual loss of intellectual ability

  5. Difficulty concentrating
• Emotional/Social effects of Huntington's Disease


  • Depression – including low mood, a lack of interest in things, and feelings of hopelessness
  • Mood swings, such as irritability or aggressive behaviour
  • Involuntary movements where they find it hard to keep still may lead to social isolation
• How Sickle Cell Anaemia affects the body


  1. Sickle cells that block blood flow through blood vessels immediately deprive the affected organ of blood and oxygen

  2. Blood is also chronically low on oxygen
• Physical/Intellectual effects of Sickle Cell Anaemia


  • Fatigue
  • Pain
  • Swelling and inflammation of the hands and/or feet
  • Silent strokes
  • Intellectual ability, short-term memory, processing speed, and attention
• Emotional/Social effects of Sickle Cell Anaemia


  • People with SCD commonly report low self-esteem and feelings of hopelessness as a result of frequent pain, hospitalisations, and loss of schooling (in children) and employment (in adults)
  • Decreased social activities
  • Severe anaemia can make a child pale and tired interrupting social development
• How Muscular Dystrophy affects the body


  1. Frequent falls

  2. Difficulty rising from a lying or sitting up position

  3. Trouble running and jumping

  4. Mild intellectual delay
• Emotional/Social effects of Muscular Dystrophy


  • Depressive issues and hypochondriac fears
  • Frustration, anger, self-pity and anxiety
  • Medication side effects, fatigue, physical limitations, family stress, and difficulty coping with the diagnosis leading to social anxiety/isolation
• Heart Disease


  • Cardiovascular disease generally refers to conditions that involve narrowed or blocked blood vessels that can lead to a heart attack, chest pain (angina) or stroke
  • Although we can't cure heart disease, we can make it better by normalising high blood pressure and lowering cholesterol to very low levels which will partially reverse plaques in the coronary arteries

  
• Diabetes


  • Occurs when your blood glucose, also called blood sugar, is too high
  • Absence or insufficient production of insulin, or an inability of the body to properly use insulin causes diabetes

  
• Ways to prevent and treat Diabetes


  • Cut Sugar and Refined Carbs From Your Diet
  • Work Out Regularly
  • Drink Water as Your Primary Beverage
  • Lose Weight If You're Overweight or Obese
  • Quit Smoking
  • Follow a Very-Low-Carb Diet
  • Watch Portion Sizes
  • Avoid Sedentary Behaviours

  
• Obesity


  Defined by the National Institutes of Health (the NIH) as a BMI (Body Mass Index) of 30 and above

  
• Causes of Obesity


  • Physical inactivity
  • Overeating
  • Genetics
  • A diet high in simple carbohydrates
  • Frequency of eating
  • Medications
  • Psychological factors

  
• Ways to prevent and treat Obesity


  • Eat more fruit, vegetables, nuts, and whole grains
  • Exercise, even moderately, for at least 30 minutes a day
  • Cut down your consumption of fatty and sugary foods
  • Use vegetable-based oils rather than animal-based fats

  
• Long-term health risks associated with alcohol misuse


  • High blood pressure
  • Stroke
  • Pancreatitis
  • Liver disease
  • Liver cancer
  • Mouth cancer
  • Head and neck cancer
  • Breast cancer
  • Bowel cancer
  • Depression
  • Dementia
  • Infertility
• Current physical health effects of alcohol misuse


  • Decreased heart rate and respirations
  • Poor decision making and accidents
  • Nausea, vomiting and dehydration/hangovers
  • Disturbed sleep
  • Contributes to weight gain
  • May be addicted to alcohol
• Mental illness


  Refers to a wide range of mental health conditions — disorders that affect your mood, thinking and behaviour. Examples include depression, anxiety disorders, schizophrenia, eating disorders and addictive behaviours
• Symptoms of mental illness


  • Depression
  • Anxiety
  • Irritability
  • Low sex drive
  • Memory and concentration problems
  • Compulsive behaviour
  • Mood swings
• Treatments for mental illness


  • Antidepressants
  • Anti-anxiety medications
  • Mood-stabilizing medications
  • Cognitive behavioural therapy
• Breast Cancer


  Lump in your breast or underarm that doesn't go away after your period is often the first symptom
• Treatments for Breast Cancer


  • Surgery
  • Chemotherapy
  • Hormonal therapy
  • Biological therapy
  • Radiation therapy
• Ovarian Cancer


  Symptoms include abdominal bloating, pelvic/abdominal pain, feeling full quickly after eating or trouble eating, urinary urgency or frequency, and fatigue
• Treatments for Ovarian Cancer


  • Surgery
  • Chemotherapy
• Examples of Acute Illnesses


  • Bronchitis
  • Diarrhoea
  • Influenza (flu)
  • Cold
  • Broken arm
  • Pneumonia
  • Conjunctivitis
• Examples of Chronic Illnesses


  • Alzheimer's disease
  • Crohn's disease
  • Heart failure
  • Irritable bowel syndrome
  • Alcoholism
  • Kidney failure
  • Chronic fatigue syndrome
  • Liver disease
• Acute Illnesses


  Short-term, sudden onset illnesses
• Chronic Illnesses


  Long-term, persistent illnesses
• Living in a semi-detached house is more likely to be disturbed by noise, which can affect concentration for children and adults working from home, and may lead to arguments
• If a home is cluttered, damp and dirty, with poorly groomed pets, occupants are more likely to be ill due to poor hygiene allowing bacteria to grow and spread, and damp/mould negatively affecting respiratory conditions and sleep
• If a home is small and cramped, illnesses are likely to spread quite quickly and there is more chance of accidents
• If a home is overcrowded, there is less privacy and space, which may lead to disorganisation, demotivation, disturbed sleep, and prevent concentration
• Living in an urban area is more likely to be affected by air and noise pollution, with high buildings and no access to a garden or outdoor space for leisure and exercise
• Living in a house in the suburbs or countryside will be quieter, provide access to the outdoors for leisure activities and exercise
• Others you live with may influence how you eat, dress and behave, which could be positive or negative