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TWO SUPERKINGDOM
PROKARYOTA
AND
EUKARYOTA
What are the 7 kingdoms?
Bacteria
,
Archaea
,
Protozoa
,
Chromista
,
Plantae
,
Fungi
,
Animalia
In plasma membrane of bacteria are lipids branched or unbranched?
unbranched
In plasma membrane of archaea are lipids branched or unbranched?
branched
it has cell wall
bacteria
doesnt have cell wall
archea
in dna replication, chromosomes are typically replicated from a single origin
Bacteria
in dna replication, chromosomes are typically replicated from either a
single
or
multiple
origin
almost similar to
eukaryotes
Archea
What type of gene expression occurs in archea?
Transcription translation coupling
termed as "
ancient
bacteria"
domain archea
What are kingdom is under the domain archaea?
Archaebacteria
this prokaryotes diverged from early form of bacteria
archaea
lives
in extreme
environment
all
unicellular
lacks
peptidoglycan
some have flagella to aid locomotion
Archaea
What are the 3 main types of Archaea?
Methanogens
,
Thermoacidophiles
,
Halophiles
Releases
CH4
as waste product
Helps in breaking down food in animals
contributes to greenhouse gases that affects climate change
Methanogens
Lives in the
dark
lives w/o oxygen
prefers highly
acidic
environment
Thermoacidophiles
it is where some thermoacidophiles like to live
Black smokers
salt loving organism
s
can live in water with salt concentration
exceeding
15
%
Halophiles
What color halophilic archaea produces?
pinkish-red
uses sunlight for energy
Bacteriorhodopsin
What pigment does halophilic archaea uses to protect themselves from the sunlight?
Bacterioruberin
What are the formal groups under Domain Archaea?
Crenarchaeota
Euryarcheota
This are the smallest euryarchaeotes
Nanoarcheota
has thick cell walls and large amount of peptidoglycan
Gram-positive
peptidoglycan layer is surrounded by plasma membrane and an outer membrane
Gram-negative
fine, proteinaceous hairlike bristles emerging from cell surface
fimbriae
rigid
tubular
structure made of
pilin
protein
found in gram
negative
cells
joins
cells for
partial
dna transfer
Pili
It is the
partial
dna
transfer
of bacterial cells
conjugation
what is the coating of molecules external to the cell wall, made of sugar and proteins
Glycocalyx
two types of glycocalyx?
Slime
layer
Capsule
What is the difference between slime layer and capsule?
SL
is loosely organized and attached while
Capsule
is highly organized and tightly attached
What is the function of the Glycocalyx?
protects cell from
dehydration
and
nutrient
loss
What organisms has a CO2 as carbon source?
Chemoautotroph
,
Photoautotroph
What organisms has Organic compounds as carbon source?
Photoheterotroph
,
Chemoheterotroph
uses O2 for respiration
Obligate aerobes
use O2 when available, ferment if not
Facultative aerobes
Poisoned by O2
Obligate
anaerobes
what are the 5 major clades under eubacteria?
Proteobacteria
chlamydias
spirochetes
gram-postive
cyanobacteria
Nitrogen fixing bacterias
Rhizobium