P.E 3/4

• Systolic blood pressure


  The pressure recorded during the contraction of the ventricles
• Diastolic blood pressure


  The pressure recorded during the relaxation of the ventricles
• Normal resting blood pressure is 110/70 mmHg
• During resistance exercise


  There are large increases in systolic and diastolic pressure
• During submaximal exercise


  Ventilation increases linearly
• At high intensities


  Increases in ventilation are due to increases in both respiratory rate and tidal volume
• During maximal exercise, ventilation can increase up to 130-150 L/min
• Pulmonary diffusion


  The gas exchange that takes place in the lungs
• Diffusion of gases


  Occurs from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration
• In the lungs, the concentration of oxygen is high (from the air breathed in) and the concentration of carbon dioxide is low</b>
• Oxygen diffuses from the alveoli into the blood capillaries
• Carbon dioxide diffuses from the blood capillaries into the alveoli, where it is expelled when we exhale
• Oxygen is transported in the blood to the body's muscles
• Oxygen uptake (VO2)


  The amount of oxygen that can be transported to, taken up by, and used by the body for energy production
• At rest, the body consumes oxygen at a rate of approximately 0.15L per minute
• As exercise intensity increases

  Oxygen uptake increases in direct proportion
• Oxygen uptake continues to increase until maximum oxygen uptake (VO2 max), usually around 2-3.5L/min
• VO2 max is made up of cardiac output and arterio-venous oxygen difference
• Acute responses to the cardiovascular system: occurs to deliver greater amounts of oxygen to working muscles, to meet increasing energy demand.
• Purpose of acute responses to the cardiovascular system

  to deliver greater amounts of oxygen to working muscles, to meet increasing energy demands