APUSH (Period 4)

• Thomas Jefferson's election


  Called the Revolution of 1800 because it's the first peaceful transfer of power from one party to the next
• Jefferson as president


  • Faced several foreign policy challenges including the Louisiana Purchase, the Barbary Pirates, and the Embargo Act
• Jefferson was conflicted on the Louisiana Purchase


  The Constitution did not strictly give the president the power to purchase the territory, but he agreed to the purchase because it would further his ideals of an agrarian nation and it doubled the size of the United States
• Lewis and Clark


  • Explored the territory with the help of Sacagawea
• The Barbary Pirates incident


  Conflicted with Jefferson's strict interpretation of the Constitution because he paid a tribute to release American hostages and expanded the US Navy to fight the pirates in Tripoli
• Britain and France tried to interfere with American neutrality during the Napoleonic Wars


  Jefferson responded by passing the Embargo Act of 1807, which damaged the US economy and his administration
• James Madison's first term


  Focused on the economy following the failed Embargo Act and the expiration of the National Bank Charter
• James Madison's second term


  Consumed with the War of 1812, also known as the second war of independence
• Reasons for the War of 1812


  • Continued impressment of American sailors
  • Britain continued to supply natives on the Frontier with weapons
• Supporters of the War of 1812

  • Young warhawks in Congress like Henry Clay and John C Calhoun
  • Democratic Republicans from the south and the West
• Opponents of the War of 1812

  • Federalists
• Events from the War of 1812


  • The Battle of Baltimore where the Star-Spangled Banner was written
  • The burning of the White House by the British
• Treaty of Ghent


  The British agreed to end impressment and abandon the forts in the Northwest Territory, and both sides agreed to help end the African slave trade
• After the war


  America entered a period of patriotism and nationalism known as the Era of Good Feelings
• James Monroe


  The third Democratic Republican president, most known for the passage of the Monroe Doctrine which reaffirmed America's isolationist foreign policy
• The Missouri Compromise


  • Missouri entered the Union as a slave state and Maine as a free state, helping to maintain the balance in Congress
  • Created the 36°30' line to help determine whether new states would allow for slavery
• The American System


  Proposed by Henry Clay, included the development of a national economy through government-funded infrastructure, a protective tariff for American manufacturing, and the Second National Bank
• The corrupt bargain


  The election of John Quincy Adams, which Andrew Jackson felt the House of Representatives had cheated him, leading to a split in the party
• Andrew Jackson's administration


  • Dominated by controversy including the Nullification Crisis surrounding the Tariff of Abominations, the national bank, and the Indian Removal Act
• The Marshall Court


  • Expanded the power of the federal government over the states, including cases like Marbury v. Madison, McCulloch v. Maryland, and Gibbons v. Ogden
• The Marshall Court's decision in Worcester v. Georgia


  The federal government did not have the right to regulate Native American land, which Andrew Jackson ignored
• The Industrial Revolution/Market Revolution


  • Characterized by innovation and industrialization, including the development of textile factories, mechanization of agriculture, and transportation innovations like railroads and steamboats
• Interchangeable parts


  Contributed to the booming national economy
• The telegraph


  Connected regional economies
• Changes to the American workforce


  • Use of unskilled labor including women, children, and immigrants paid low wages
  • Women in the upper class and new middle class did not work, reaffirming their roles in the household
• Immigrant groups


  • Irish escaping the Potato Famine, settling predominantly in northeastern cities and taking jobs in factories or building railroads
  • Germans escaping political turmoil, often settling in the Midwest
• Resentment towards immigrants


  White men living in cities felt groups like the Irish were taking jobs from them, and Protestants resented the increasing number of Catholics
• The Second Great Awakening


  Increased church attendance and inspired social and moral reforms
• The Abolitionist Movement


  • Called for the end of slavery, led by abolitionists like William Lloyd Garrison and Frederick Douglass
• The Women's Rights Movement


  • Met at the Seneca Falls convention, led by Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Lucretia Mott, and drafted the Declaration of Sentiments calling for equality
• Traditional reforms


  • Temperance
  • Education
  • Prison reform
  • Mental hospital
• Transcendentalism


  Transcendentalists like Henry David Thoreau called for civil disobedience, and Ralph Waldo Emerson wrote about the truth found in nature
• Potential exam questions could focus on the development of a national identity, the effects of the Market Revolution, nationalism versus sectionalism, differences in the various Reform movements, changes in political parties, and changes in the role of women