BIRTH CONTROL METHODS

• Birth control methods


  Elements to consider: safety, effectiveness, availability, acceptability
• Voluntary informed choice


  Essential guiding principle for contraceptive methods
• Contraceptive counseling


  Important contributor to successful use of contraceptive methods
• Hormonal contraceptives and IUDs


  Highly effective at preventing pregnancy but do not protect against STDs
• Consistent and correct use of male latex condom


  Reduces risk for HIV infection and other STDs
• Intrauterine contraception


  • Copper T IUD
  • Levonorgestrel intrauterine system (LNG IUD)
• Implant


  Single, thin rod inserted under skin of upper arm that releases progestin over 3 years
• Injection or "shot"


  Women get shots of progestin hormone in buttocks or arm every three months
• Combined oral contraceptives


  Contain estrogen and progestin hormones, taken daily
• Progestin only pill


  Contains only progestin hormone, taken daily
• Patch


  Skin patch worn on lower abdomen, buttocks, or upper body that releases progestin and estrogen
• Hormonal vaginal contraceptive ring

  Releases progestin and estrogen, worn for 3 weeks then removed for 1 week
• Barrier methods


  • Diaphragm
  • Cervical cap
  • Sponge
• Male condom


  Worn by man, keeps sperm from entering woman's body, helps prevent pregnancy and STDs
• Female condom


  Worn by woman, helps keep sperm from entering her body
• Spermicides


  Products that kill sperm, come in various forms and can be used with other methods
• Fertility awareness-based methods


  • Understanding monthly fertility pattern to plan pregnancy or avoid it
• Lactational Amenorrhea Method (LAM)


  Temporary birth control method for breastfeeding women who meet 3 conditions
• Emergency contraception


  • Copper IUD
  • Emergency contraceptive pills
• Female sterilization - Tubal ligation


  Procedure to tie or close fallopian tubes to prevent fertilization
• Male sterilization - Vasectomy


  Procedure to keep sperm from going to penis so ejaculate has no sperm