MIL 2

• Sound


  Mechanical disturbance or vibration traveling through an elastic medium (e.g. air, wood, metal, glass, water)
• Audio


  • "I hear" in Latin
  • Sound heard on a recording or broadcast
  • Recording using a piece of electronic equipment: can be manipulated
  • Any signal, sound, or waveform that can be heard; as distinguished from ultrasonic sound, radio-frequency signals, or video signals
  • It is audio if you hear it via a medium
• All audios are sounds but not all sounds are audio
• Audio Functions


  • To communicate information verbally
  • To signal the occurrence of certain events
  • To lend further descriptions to the event
  • To convey mood, heighten or lend emotion
• Evolution of Audio


  1. Pre-historic Age: Word-of-mouth communication, Oral tradition

  2. Middle Age: Town criers, "Umalohokan" (Filipino), Social and religious developments through Catholic Church, Shamans

  3. Industrial Age: Invention of telephone, Disc record and gramophone

  4. Electronic Age: Sound Recording, Radio Communication, Wars as reason for technological advancements, Guglielmo Marconi - inventor of radios

  5. Digital Age: Digital audio files, Music streaming sites
• Implications of Audio


  • From sound to audio
  • From raw sounds to electronic or manmade
  • Many can already access the materials
  • Widens the reach of communication (from any part of the world)
  • Nowadays, you can choose (not limited) what you want to hear / listen
  • Music will always be use for people's development
• Basic Elements of Sound


  • Rhythm
  • Dynamics
  • Melody
  • Harmony
  • Timbre
• Principles of Sound Design


  • Mixing
  • Pace
  • Transitions
• Audio Codes


  Refers to the use of sound elements (e.g. music, dialogue, and sound effects) to convey meaning, emotion, and information
• Classification of Sound


  • Diegetic
  • Non-diegetic
• Audio Codes


  • Dialogue
  • Sound Effect
  • Music
  • Speech as Audio Tool
  • Silence
  • Background Music
  • Ambience Sound
  • Noise
• Audio Conventions


  Refers to the established norms and techniques for using sound elements in various media forms (e.g. films, TV, digital media)
• Issues in Audio


  • Copyright Infringement
  • Audio Surveillance
  • Audio Manipulation
  • AC-DC (Attack & Collect - Defend & Collect)
  • Persecution of Radio Journalists
• Current and Future Trends


  • Voice Assistants and Smart Speakers
  • Use of Social Media for Stardom
  • Vocaloid
• Audio-Visual Information and Media refers to the use of recorded pictures or sound (static or moving) and sound, or the equipment that produces them
• History of Audio-Visual Media


  1. Begins with only visual (photography)

  2. Development of a simple toy (zoetrope) where a series of pictures are viewed in rapid succession, creating an illusion of movement
• Journalists are killed while reporting
• Voice Assistants and Smart Speakers


  • Integration of voice technology with audio content
  • Voice-activated devices
• Use of Social Media for Stardom


  • Musicians use social media to promote their music and develop a relationship with their fandom or supporters
• Vocaloid


  • Something AI generated, even the singer
  • Collection of virtual singing voices (computer-generated singing)
  • E.g. Hatsune Miku (2007)
• Audio-Visual Motion / Video is a combination of sound and sight, as it refers to a wide range or audio and video media used personally, professionally, and commercially
• Stages of Video Production

  1. Pre-production Stage

  2. Production Stage

  3. Post-production Stage
• Symbolic Codes


  • Social in nature
  • Setting
  • Mise-en-scene
  • Acting
  • Color
• Technical Codes


  • Camerawork
  • Editing
  • Lighting
• Camera Movements


  • Pan
  • Truck
  • Crane
  • Tilt
  • Zoom in and out
  • Dolly
  • Boom / Jib
  • Track

  
• Camera Angles


  • Low Angle / Worm's eye view
  • High Angle / Bird's eye view
  • Eye Level
  • Over-the-shoulder
• Camera Shots


  • Establishing Shot
  • Long Shot
  • Medium Shot
  • Bust Shot
  • Tight Shot / Close Shot
  • Extreme Tight Shot
• Conventions of Audio-Visual Information and Media


  • Form Conventions
  • Story Conventions
  • Genre Conventions
• Issues in Audio-Visual Media


  • Media as a form of cultural imperialism
  • Many Filipinos no longer support their own shows
  • Cookie-cutter characters
  • Escapism
  • Curiosity about other people's lives, leading to reality shows
  • Stereotype
  • Copyright
  • Piracy
  • 'Male gaze' in media
• Current and Future Trends


  • Use of deep fakes
  • Rise of short-form content
  • CGI-heavy media
  • Use and improvement of virtual reality
  • AI-generated personas