CHEMISTRY acid n base

• Acid


  A solution that has an excess of H+ ions
• Base


  A solution that has an excess of OH- ions
• Alkali


  Another word for base
• The word 'acid' comes from the Latin word 'acidus' which means 'sharp or sour'
• Properties of an Acid


  • Feel sour
  • Conduct electricity
  • Corrosive - can break down certain substances
  • Can corrode fabric, skin, & metals
• Properties of a Base


  • Feel slippery
  • Taste bitter
  • Conduct electricity
  • Corrosive
• Some acids react strongly with metals, others do not
• Bases turn red litmus paper blue, acids turn blue litmus paper red
• Uses of Acids


  • Acetic acid (vinegar)
  • Citric acid (lemons, limes & oranges)
  • Ascorbic acid (Vitamin C)
  • Sulfuric acid (fertilizers, steel, points, & plastics)
• Uses of Bases


  • Soaps
  • Ammonia
  • Cleaning products
• Your blood is a basic solution
• Chalk and oven cleaner are examples of familiar products that contains bases
• pH


  A measure of how acidic or basic a solution is
• The pH scale ranges from 0 to 14
• Acidic solutions have pH values below 7, basic solutions have pH values above 7, and a pH of 7 is neutral
• A change of 1 pH unit represents a tenfold change in the acidity of the solution
• Acid


  • Lemon
  • Vinegar
  • Hydrochloric acid
• Base


  • Baking soda
  • Ammonia
  • Milk
• An acid-base reaction is called neutralization
• An acid-base mixture is not as acidic or basic as the individual starting solutions
• Water is neutral
• Common Salt (NaCl) Uses


  • Food flavoring
  • Food preservative
  • Additive in iodized salt to prevent iodine deficiency
  • De-icer for roads and walkways
  • Salt substitute in food
  • Found in limestone and seashells
  • Fertilizer, active ingredient in cold packs