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• Electrical Components


  • Capacitors
  • Resistors
  • Diode
  • Transistors
  • Inductors
  • Switches
  • Light bulb
  • Battery
  • Cell
  • Wire
  • Power Supply
  • Thermistor
  • Voltmeter
  • Ammeter
  • Galvanometer
  • Transformer
  • Fuse
• Capacitors


  • One of the Big Three Passive Components
  • Doesn't need electricity
  • Can work on its own
  • Small circular object in laptops
  • To store energy
  • Two-terminal (+ positive - negative)
  • Two metal plates, "ground" plate can be green or red
  • Insulating material is dielectric
• Resistors


  • One of the Big Three Passive Components
  • Has a positive negative charge
  • Different designs/appearance
  • To limit or regulate the flow of electricity
  • Too big is slow, too small is faster
• Types of Resistors


  • Fixed Resistors - constant resistance value
  • Variable Resistors - the resistance value is adjustable
• Diode


  • Semiconductor
  • One way switch for current
  • To control the flow of electricity
  • Rectifiers - change alternating current (AC) into pulsating direct current (DC)
  • Anode - positive charge, electron oxidation, loses electrons
  • Cathode - negative charge, electron reduction, gains electrons
• Transistors


  • Semiconductor
  • Conduct, insulate electric current or voltage
  • 3 terminals: Base - activate the transistor, Collector - right side, consumes positive, Emitter - left side, consumes negative
• Inductors


  • One of the Big Three Passive Components
  • Has electromagnetic field
  • Decrease or control the electric spikes, controls the flow
• Switches


  • Electrical device
  • Electromechanical
  • Turn on and off the current
• Types of Light bulbs


  • Incandescent
  • Halogen
  • Fluorescent
  • LED
• Incandescent light bulbs


  • Unavailable commercially
  • Emit electricity
  • Need to heat up in the middle
  • Consist of gas
  • Heat up first to function
  • Depend on temperature, needs to be high
• Halogen light bulbs


  • Big devices
  • Have chemicals (iodine & bromine)
  • Not for everyday use
• Fluorescent light bulbs


  • Mostly used these days
  • Gas tube
  • Contain chemicals (argon & mercury)
  • Need heated temperature (but less than incandescent)
• LED light bulbs


  • Light emitting diode
  • Safest light bulb
  • No tungsten
  • Purely electricity, no chemical
• Battery


  Accepts, stores and releases chemical energy
• Cell


  • Single unit of battery
  • Converts chemical energy to electrical energy
• Wire


  Transits from one point to another
• Power Supply


  • Supplies electric power
  • Stores a larger amount of voltage to power up more than one device
• Thermistor


  • Resistance thermometer
  • Like a resistor
  • Resistance depends on temperature
  • No fixed resistance value
• Voltmeter


  Measures voltage (current)
• Ammeter


  • Measures amperes
  • How fast electricity flows through a device
• Galvanometer


  Measures the intensity/direction of electrical current
• Transformer


  • Transfers electric energy
  • Stores bigger voltage (used by power companies)
  • Used to increase voltage (stepping up)
  • Used to decrease voltage (stepping down)
• Fuse


  • Controls the flow of electricity
  • If removed, electricity won't flow
  • Connection to the wire
  • Controlling factor of electricity
• Four Fundamental Forces of Nature


  • Gravitational Force
  • Electromagnetic Force
  • Weak Nuclear Force
  • Strong Nuclear Force
• Electromagnetic Force


  Lorentz Force - explains the interaction and attraction/repulsion of charged particles
• Electromagnetism


  Interactions of charges between electricity and magnets
• Electric Field


  • Active electricity and magnetism
  • Present when there is voltage, visible in any part
  • Interaction between electrons and protons
  • Where electricity is most active
  • Lightning is a main source
  • Measured in volts per meter
  • Static electricity also has an electric field
• Magnetic Field


  • Needs a magnet and flow of electricity, must be static
  • North pole and south pole (magnetic dipoles)
  • Objects stick to magnets because magnetism is active
  • Where the magnet is active
  • Used in speakers to balance the magnetic field
• Electrically charged particles


  Like poles repel, unlike poles attract
• Charges always come in pairs, can't have just one charge
• Difference between magnetic field and electric field is that magnetic field is from electric current, while electric field is from voltage - the main source of energy
• Types of Magnets


  • Temporary
  • Permanent
  • Electromagnet
• Permanent Magnets


  • Strong magnetism, actual magnets we see
  • Anything can be magnetized
• Temporary Magnets


  • Don't function without a magnetic field or electric current
  • Weak magnetism
  • Not true magnets
  • Only become magnetic when near an electric current
• Electromagnets


  • Can be turned on and off, source is electric current
  • Connected to electric current, interact with other objects
  • Can be strong or weak, on is strong, off is weak
  • Have wires
• Magnetic Flux


  • The level of magnetism in a magnet
  • More lines passing through a measuring device means stronger magnetism
  • Weak magnetism if not attached to metal
• Magnetic Force


  Basic force of attraction and repulsion between positive and negative charges