Skeleton

• Functions of the skeleton


  • Blood cell production
  • Protection
  • Movement
  • Shape
  • Mineral store
• Bone


  • Calcium
  • Spongy at head
  • Compact at shaft
  • Growth plates at end
• Bone


  • Blood cell production
  • Protection
  • Movement
  • Shape
  • Mineral store
• Joints


  • 2 or more bones articulate
  • Different types → hinge, ball + socket, condyloid, pivot, gliding
• Joints


  Create movement
• Ligament


  • Tough band
  • Slightly elastic tissue
  • Connect bone to bone
  • Stabilise joint during movement
  • Prevents dislocation
• Tendon


  • Tough band
  • Fibrous tissue
  • Connect muscle to bone
  • Withstand tension
  • Pulls on bone to cause movement
• Articular cartilage


  • Smooth tissue
  • Covers surface of articulating bones
  • Absorbs shock
  • Allows friction free movement
• Joint capsule


  • Fibrous sac with inner synovial membrane
  • Encloses + strengthens joint
  • Secretes synovial fluid
• Bursa


  • Closed fluid filled sac
  • Found where tendons rub over bones
  • Reduce friction between tendons + bones