CAMPYLOBACTER

• Campylobacter jejuni


  A common human pathogen causing mainly gastroenteritis and occasionally systemic infections
• Campylobacter jejuni


  • Curved, comma-, or S-shaped, Gram-negative, non-spore-forming rods
  • Motile, with a single polar flagellum at one or both ends
• Culture of Campylobacter


  1. Requires selective media containing various antibiotics

  2. Campy-Blood agar and Skirrow's media needed for isolation from stool specimens

  3. Requires micro aerobic atmosphere containing reduced O2 (5–7%) and increased 10% CO2 for incubation and optimal growth
• Campylobacter


  • Have lipopolysaccharides with endotoxin activity
  • Produce cytopathic extracellular toxins and enterotoxins, but significance in human disease not well defined
• Transmission of Campylobacter


  Oral route from food, drink, or contact with infected animals or animal products, especially poultry
• Campylobacter infection


  • Causes cramp abdominal pain, profuse diarrhea, grossly bloody, headache, malaise, Reactive arthritis (Reiter's syndrome)
• Diagnosis of Campylobacter


  1. Specimens

  2. Smears

  3. Culture
• Helicobacter


  Spiral, curved, or fusiform rod-shaped Gram-negative bacteria found in the gastrointestinal and hepatobiliary tract of many different mammalian hosts
• Helicobacter groups


  • Helicobacter species that primarily colonize the stomach (gastric helicobacters)
  • Those that colonize the intestines (enterohepatic helicobacters)
• Helicobacter pylori


  Associated with duodenal (peptic) ulcer disease, gastric ulcers, gastric adenocarcinoma, and gastric mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphomas
• Helicobacter pylori


  • Motile and have single and/or multiple monopolar flagella
  • Spiral-shaped, Gram-negative, catalase- and oxidase positive, and urease positive rod
• Culture of Helicobacter pylori


  1. Can be readily isolated from gastric biopsy specimens

  2. Requires special transport media (eg, Stuart's transport medium)

  3. Usually grows within 3–6 days when incubated at 37°C in a microaerophilic and humid atmosphere
• Helicobacter pylori

  • Oxidase and catalase positive
  • Has a characteristic Gram-stain morphology
  • Motile