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Biology p1 cell biology
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Created by
Sheni thompson smith
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Cards (29)
Animal cells size
0.01
mm-0.05mm
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Plant cell size
0.01mm
and
0.10mm
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Magnification
of the microscope
Magnification of
eyepiece
x Magnification of the
object
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Magnification
of image
Size
of the image /
Actual
size of the object
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The best unit for measuring cells is in
micrometers
, symbol
μm
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For
sub-cellular
structures its best to use
nanometres
, symbol nm
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1 mm =
1000
μm
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100 mm =
100
x
1000
μm = 100 000 μm
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A millimeter is
1/1000
of a meter
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A
micrometre
is
1/1000
of a millimeter
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A
nanometre
is
1/1000
of a micrometre
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Cytoplasm
Jelly-like substance that contains dissolved substances, salts and structures called
organelles
, it is where many of the chemical
reactions
happen
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Nucleus
Contains
genetic
material including
DNA
, controlling the cells activities
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Cell membrane
Structure is
permeable
to some but not others, it therefore
controls
the substances in and out of the cell
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Ribosomes
Tiny
structures where
protein synthesis
occurs
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Mitochondria
Organelles that contain the enzymes for
respiration
, and where most
energy
is released in respiration
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Chloroplasts
Organelles which contain the green pigment, chlorophyll, absorb light energy for
photosynthesis
, contains enzymes needed for
photosynthesis
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Permanent
vacuole
Filled with
sap
to help keep the cell
turgid
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Cell
wall
Made from
cellulose
fibers, strengthens the cell and
supports
the plant
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Prokaryotic cell
A
bacteria
cell
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Eukaryotic cell
A
plant
or
animal
cell
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Prokaryotic cells size
0.02
μm and
2.0
μm
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Types of cell transport
Diffusion
Osmosis
Active transport
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Passive
transport
Energy is
not
needed as it happens
naturally
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Active
transport
Energy
is
needed
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Diffusion
The spreading of particles from an area of
high
concentration to an area of
low
concentration, down a concentration gradient,
passive
process
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Osmosis
The net movement of water particles from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration,
down
a concentration gradient, through a
partially permeable membrane
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Active
transport
The net movement of particles from a
low
concentration to a high concentration, against a concentration gradient, uses
energy
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Factors
affecting cell transport
Surface area
Temperature
Short
diffusion
pathway
Good
blood supply
Constant
concentration
gradient
Steepness
of the concentration gradient
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