Biology p1 cell biology

    Cards (29)

    • Animal cells size
      0.01 mm-0.05mm
    • Plant cell size
      0.01mm and 0.10mm
    • Magnification of the microscope

      Magnification of eyepiece x Magnification of the object
    • Magnification of image

      Size of the image / Actual size of the object
    • The best unit for measuring cells is in micrometers, symbol μm
    • For sub-cellular structures its best to use nanometres, symbol nm
    • 1 mm = 1000 μm
    • 100 mm = 100 x 1000 μm = 100 000 μm
    • A millimeter is 1/1000 of a meter
    • A micrometre is 1/1000 of a millimeter
    • A nanometre is 1/1000 of a micrometre
    • Cytoplasm
      Jelly-like substance that contains dissolved substances, salts and structures called organelles, it is where many of the chemical reactions happen
    • Nucleus
      Contains genetic material including DNA, controlling the cells activities
    • Cell membrane
      Structure is permeable to some but not others, it therefore controls the substances in and out of the cell
    • Ribosomes
      Tiny structures where protein synthesis occurs
    • Mitochondria
      Organelles that contain the enzymes for respiration, and where most energy is released in respiration
    • Chloroplasts
      Organelles which contain the green pigment, chlorophyll, absorb light energy for photosynthesis, contains enzymes needed for photosynthesis
    • Permanent vacuole

      Filled with sap to help keep the cell turgid
    • Cell wall

      Made from cellulose fibers, strengthens the cell and supports the plant
    • Prokaryotic cell
      A bacteria cell
    • Eukaryotic cell
      A plant or animal cell
    • Prokaryotic cells size
      0.02 μm and 2.0 μm
    • Types of cell transport
      • Diffusion
      • Osmosis
      • Active transport
    • Passive transport

      Energy is not needed as it happens naturally
    • Active transport

      Energy is needed
    • Diffusion
      The spreading of particles from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration, down a concentration gradient, passive process
    • Osmosis
      The net movement of water particles from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration, down a concentration gradient, through a partially permeable membrane
    • Active transport

      The net movement of particles from a low concentration to a high concentration, against a concentration gradient, uses energy
    • Factors affecting cell transport

      • Surface area
      • Temperature
      • Short diffusion pathway
      • Good blood supply
      • Constant concentration gradient
      • Steepness of the concentration gradient