Nonblood Specimens

• Urine


  most frequently analyzed nonblood body fluid
• Urine


  readily available, easy to collect, and generallyinexpensive to test
• Metabolic Functions


  Urine can provide information on many of the body's major _____________
• monitoring wellness

  
  

  diagnosis and treatment of urinary tract infection (UTI)

  
  

  detection and monitoring of metabolic disease

  
  

  determining the effectiveness or complications oftherapy.

  Urine can aid the following:
• Midstream catch


  Urine method of collection
• Morning


  Urine time of collection
• clear

  dry

  chemically clean containers with tight-fitting lids

  Urine container
• cellular elements decompose

  
  

  bilirubin breaks down to biliverdin

  
  

  bacteria multiply

  If urine specimens are not tested promptly, urine components can change like:
• Routine Urinalysis (UA)


  Screens for urinary and systemic disorders
• Physical Analysis

  Chemical Analysis

  Microscopic Analysis


  Routine Urinalysis 3 types of analysis
• Color

  Clarity

  Odor

  Volume

  Specific Gravity


  Physical Analysis
• Leukocyte

  Nitrite

  Urobilinogen

  Protein

  Ph

  Blood

  Specific Gravity

  Ketone

  Bilirubin

  Glucose

  Chemical Analysis
• Cells

  Crystals

  Microorganisms

  Microscopic analysis
• Urine Culture and Sensitivity


  Requested on a patient with symptoms ofurinary tract infection (UTI)
• BAP, MAC

  10

  Urine Culture and Sensitivity

  
  

  Inoculate in culture media (_____, _____) using _______ uL inoculating loop
• 18-24


  Urine Culture and Sensitivity

  
  

  Incubate for _________ hours
• ID

  Sensitivity

  Urine Culture and Sensitivity

  
  

  Perform ______ and ______ tesiting
• Urine Cytology Studies


  Performed to detect cancer, cytomegalovirus,and other viral and inflammatory diseases ofthe bladder and other structures of theurinary system
• Urinary


  Urine Cytology Studies examine cells from lining of ________ tract
• Papanicolaou (PAP)


  Urine Cytology Studies uses __________ stain.
• 50% alcohol


  Urine Cytology Studies should be examined as soon as possible. If delay is unavoidable, add __________.
• Recreational Drugs

  Anabolic Steroids

  Prescription drugs

  Urine drug screening is performed to detect:
• Urine Drug Screening


  Monitor therapeutic drug use
• Urine Drug Screening


  Confirm a diagnosis of drug overdose
• Random

  Bloody

  Alkaline/Acidic


  Urine Drug Screening sample:

  
  

  Avoid _____ and highly _______/________
• Diabetic Ketoacidosis

  Diabetic

  Nondiabetic

  Urine Glucose and Ketone Testing is used to diagnose _____________ and help differentiate between ____________ and ____________ coma.
• Reagent Strip


  Urine Glucose and Ketone Testing uses
• Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (HCG)


  Hormone produced by cells within the developing placenta.
• 8 to 10


  HCG appears in serum and urine approximately __________ to __________ days after conception, or fertilization.
• First morning


  ___________ specimen is preferred in Urine Pregnancy Testing
• Melanoma

  
  

  Tumors of the ovaries and testes

  
  

  Certain types of cancer including breast, lung and kidney


  Urine Pregnancy Testing false positive:
• Random

  First Morning/8-Hour Specimen

  Fasting

  Timed

  Types of Urine Specimen
• First Morning/8-Hour Specimen
• Timed


  Tolerance Test Specimen

  2-Hour Post prandial specimen

  24-Hour Specimen

  Double-Voided Specimen (Glucose, Ketone)
• Tolerance Test Specimen
• 2-Hour Post prandial specimen
• 24-Hour Specimen
• Double-Voided Specimen (Glucose, Ketone)
• Regular Voided Specimen

  Midstream Specimen

  Midstream Clean-Catch Specimen

  Catheterized Specimen

  Suprapubic Aspiration

  Pediatric Urine Collection


  Urine collection methods
• Regular Voided Specimen