APUSH

• joint-stock company


  Companies made up of group of investors who bought the right to establish plantations from the king
• Virginia Company


  The first joint-stock company in the colonies; founded Jamestown; promised gold, conversion of Indian to Christianity, and passage to the Indies
• Jamestown


  First permanent British colony established in New World (in 1607); Located in Virginia
• Captain John Smith


  Jamestown's survival was largely due to his leadership; established harsh martial law in the colony to ensure that those who did not work would not eat
• John Rolfe


  Eased tensions b/t colonists and Indians when he married Pocahontas; discovered a new strain of tobacco; Tobacco cultivations became crucial to Virginia's economy; established the plantation system
• Pocahontas


  Chief Powatan's daughter; Instrumental in preserving peace in Jamestown
• royal colony


  Colony administered by a royal governor appointed by the king or queen of the mother country; Ex. VA, NY
• Puritans


  Protestants who wished to purify the Anglican Church by breaking away from Catholic practices and barring people from the church who were not commited
• Pilgrims (Separatists)


  Radical Protestants who wished to break from the Anglican Church entirely; Left England to settler in Netherlands but did not approve of the "Dutchification" of their children; enveutally settled in New World to avoid religious persecution
• Plymouth Colony (Plymouth Bay)


  Chosen as the settlement site by the Pilgrims; located in present-day MA
• Mayflower


  One of the three ships on which the Pilgrims sailed to the New World
• Mayflower Compact


  Regarded not as a constitution but as an agreement; Recognized James I as sovereign leader and all settlers as governing body; Agreed to majority rule
• Massachusetts Bay Colony


  Founded in 1629 by non-Seperatist Puritans
• John Winthrop


  Governor of MBC; Wished to create "city upon a hill" in which morals were strictly enforced
• Great Migration


  Turmoil in England caused 150,000+ settlers to migrate to New World; ended with the outburst of English Civil War
• Virginia House of Burgesses


  First miniature parliament authorized by London Company in 1619 in British American colonies; representative self-gov't; grant revoked by James I who thought assembly was dangerous and made VA a royal colony
• corporate colonies


  Led by a government with trading-company charters; Ex. MA, RI, CN
• proprietary colony


  Colony fully governed by governors chosen by private land owners; granted permission by the Crown; are eventually reclaimed by the Crown and made into royal colonies; Ex. MD, PN, DE
• Chesapeake colonies


  Comprised of MD and VI; had characteristics of both the Middle and Southern colonies - slavey and tobacco (South), farmed grain (Middle)
• George Calvert (Lord Baltimore)


  Founded colony of Maryland for Catholic haven and profit
• Act of Toleration (1649


  Guaranteed religious freedom for those who asserted the divinity of Jesus Christ (excluded Atheists and Jews)
• Sir William (Governor) Berkeley


  Enacted friendly policies toward the Indians, eventually leading to Bacon's Rebellion
• Bacon's Rebellion


  Freedmen (former indentured servants) had difficulty working and living within the colonies and would often squat on Indian land; after several attacks from Indians, the freedmen requested protection from the gov't (Berkeley); when he refused to send aid and instead enacted policies to help the Indians, the freedmen were outraged; Nathaniel Bacon, an aristocrat and member of the House of Burgesses began mobilizing a militia to protect whites from Indians; massacred Indians and set fire to Jamestown causing Berkeley to flee; after Bacon died of disease, Berkeley crushed the rebellion; SIGNIFICANCE: colonists began to realize how dangerous indentured servants were becoming and upped slave imports
• indentured servant


  Individuals whose voyages to the New World were paid by others; in return for the free voyage, they would have to work for the provider for a certain period of time
• slavery


  Captured or traded from Africa and brought to the Americas along the Middle Passage; considered property of wealthy whites, treated harshly; Essentially replaced indentured servitude
• Roger Williams


  Minister from Salem; extreme Separatist who argued legality of MBC and Plymouth b/c both colonies were built on Indian land which the King had no authority over; Strongly believed in separation of church and state, King should have nothing to do with religious matters;
• Providence


  In present-day RI; Established by Roger Williams on land he purchased from the Indians; Vowed to accepts all settlers regardless of their beliefs
• Anne Hutchinson


  Dubbed a heretic and banished from MBC b/c of her radical beliefs in antinomianism
• antinomianism


  Essentially anarchy; Hutchinson's believe that man did not need to follow laws as his behavior has not bearing on his predestined outcome
• Thomas Hooker


  A reverend from Boston who led a group into present-day CN where they established the town of Hartford; against the strict policies of Winthrop and the MBC
• Fundamental Orders of Connecticut (1639)


  FIRST modern constitution in American history; established a democracy controlled by citizens; modeled CN's future colonial charter and state constitution
• Halfway Covenant


  A form of partial church membership to encourage children and grandchildren of first-genertation settlers to renew piety and abandon quests for material wealth
• Patroonship


  Favored aristocrats; Granted vast feudal estates to those who would settler at least 50 persons on them; Heavily protested
• Society of Friends (Quakers)


  Official title for the Quaker religion; stronger opponents to authority and Anglican church than the Puritans - often persecuted because they were considered dangerous; believed in "inner light" not scripture or bishop; Asserted that all men were equal in the eyes of God - challenged social order
• William Penn


  Founded Pennsylvania as a haven for Quakers and as an experiment of liberal ideas in gov't while making a profit
• New England Confederation


  Comprised of MBC, New Haven, Plymouth, and CN; joined to fight against Pequots in Pequot War (1636-37)
• restoration colonies


  colonies that were not founded until after Charles II assumed the throne; EX. NY, SC, NC
• Holy Experiment


  tested religious toleration among many denominations
• James Oglethorpe


  founded GA, the last British American colony established, as a haven for debtors as well as a buffer state to prevent any Indian or Spanish incursions from the South (FL)
• mercantilism


  Idea that colonies existed solely for the benefit of the mother country; provided raw material and resources for England; goal is to export more than import