SCI

• C5

  • biceps and full diaphragm innervation
  • elbow flexion and shoulder ER
• C6

  • extensor carpi radialis (radial N)
  • latissimus dorsi (thoracodorsal N)
  • Serratus anterior (Long thoracic N)
  • Scapular abduction, protraction, upward rotation
  • Wrist extension for tenodesis grasp
• C7

  • triceps (radial N)
  • Elbow extension, wrist flexion, finger extension
• C8

  • Intrinsic and extrinsic finger flexors
  • finger flexion
• T1-12

  • intercostals, long muscles of the back, abdominal muscles (about T7 and below)
  • increased respiratory reserve
• L1-3

  • Iliopsoas (femoral N)
  • Rectus femoris
  • Hip flexion and knee extension
• L4-S1

  • Quadriceps (L4) femoral N
  • Anterior tib L5 deep fibular N
  • Hamstrings L5-S1 Sciatic N
  • Gastrocnemius S1 tibial N
  • Glute med Superior gluteal N
  • Glute max L5-S1 inferior gluteal N
  • Strong hip flexion
  • Strong knee extension
  • knee flexion
• C5 they need part time attendant required for ADL's
• C7 independent with ADLs, feeding with adaptive utensils, home management (will require assistance for heavy household tasks), and bed mobility
• C1-4 are independent in power WC
• C6 independent with bathing and dressing with adaptive equipment
• C5 benefits from power WC and need some assistance with manual WC
• C6 independent with manual WC on level surfaces
• C6 are independent with pressure relief
• C7 independent with manual WC in home and community with plastic coated hand rims
• C6 are independent with transfers using a transfer board
• T1-12 independent with physiological standing and ambulation for exercise over short distances in home and AD

  • HKAFO and KAFO
• L1-3 independent with short distances in home and possible community

  • HKAFO, KAFO, AFO
• L4-S1 independent with ambulation in home and community
• For PD: Hoehn Yahr Scale

  • 0 = no sign of the disease
  • 1 = unilateral
  • 1.5 = unilateral and trunk ataxia
  • 2 = bilateral, no balance issue
  • 2.5 = bilateral and can recover from pull test
  • 3 - mild to moderate bilateral with postural instability
  • 4 = severe disability; able to walk or standby assist
  • 5 = WC bound
• TUG

  • > 14 seconds for PD
  • > 13.5 = fall risk