Psychology pt 3

• Outer Ear


  sound waves collected. source-->ear canal--->ear drum(thin membrane vibrates when hit)
• Middle Ear


  Transmits and amplifies the vibration. Hammer--> anvil---> stirup---> oval window
• Inner Ear


  change to neural impulse. cochlea (snail shaped membrane filled w/fluid that changes vibration to an electrical symbol) auditory nerve --->brain
• Sensory adaptation


  after a while of constant stimulus, will stop detecting sense---> watch
• Vestibuler sense


  sense of body's position, movement and balance.
• Gestalt


  organized whole, put together individual pieces to get big picture.
• proximity 


  objects close together are more likely to be precieved as being in the same group.
• Similarity


  objects similar in appearance are more likely to be precieved together as being in same group.
• continuity


  objects that form a continuous are more likely to be precieved as belonging in same group.
• closure


  Objects that make up recognizable image r more likely to be perceived as being in the same group.
• consistency


  objects with similar, size, shape, and brightness are considered a set.
• Metacognition


  ability to think abt the way you think ---> self evaluation
• Pavlov


  founder of classical conditioning while trying to study digestive system
• John Garcia


  founded effects of radiation on rats (taste aversion)
• B.F. Skinner


  founder of operant conditioning + skinner box
• Variable Ratio 


  random # of responses (Slot machine)
• Fixed Ratio


  after set # of responses (buy one get one free)
• Variable interval


  after random amount of time (fishing)
• fixed interval


  after set rate of time (pay check every 2 weeks)
• Bandura


  social learning, children learn through watching
• Ebbinghaus


  more time spent learning info the longer it will be remembered
• Serial position effect


  tendency to recall first and last items of a list best
• Mnemonic Devices


  ways of remembering info by using creative memory techniques. ex; chunking putting #s in parts 12345678 to 123, 456, 678 (made 9 thing into 3 =easier to remember)
• sensory memory


  immediate, brief recording of sensory info
• Iconic


  visual info/memory
• echoic


  auditory info/memory
• Implicit


  memory of procedure (how to ride a bike)
• Explicit


  memory of facts (George Washington =first president)
• Anterograde Amnesia


  Inability to make new memories, can remember old ones
• Retrograde Amnesia


  inability to remember memories prior to accident.
• Infantile Amnesia


  inability to remember anything before age 3.
• Proactive interference


  old info interferes w new info
• Retroactive interference


  new info interfere w old info
• Sexual Response Cycle


  excitement, plateau, orgasm, resolution (Masters +John)
• General Adaptive Syndrome (GAS)


  Hans Selye responses to stress; alarm --> resistance --> exhaustion (vulnerability to sickness).
• Bulimia


  eating a lot then purging (barf) it up
• Anorexia


  not eating food (starving)
• James-Lange Theory


  – experience of emotion is our awareness of our physiological

  response to emotionally arousing stimuli (stimuli then response then emote)
• Cannon-Bard Theory


  emotionally arousing stimuli simultaneously trigger both a

  physiological response and emotion (stimuli then response and emote)
• Schacter & Singer / 2 Factor Theory


  emotion must be physically aroused and cognitively

  labeled before emotion (stimuli then response and label then emote)