Manifesting with honor

• Digestive System


  System of organs responsible to take in food, provide nutrients, and eliminate waste
• Digestion


  Starts in the mouth where food is chewed and broken down (mechanical digestion) into smaller pieces for easier digestion (chemical digestion)
• Digestive organs


  • Mouth
  • Pharynx
  • Esophagus
  • Liver
  • Stomach
  • Pancreas
  • Small Intestine
  • Large Intestine
  • Rectum
• Cardiac sphincter


  Muscular valve prevents gastric juices from flowing back out of the stomach and into the esophagus
• Pyloric sphincter


  Governs the passage of food out of the stomach into the small intestine
• Genetics


  Study of heredity and variation
• DNA


  Deoxyribonucleic acid, helical structure consisting of two strands, blueprint of life
• Humans have 46 chromosomes in each cell or 23 pairs
• Mitosis


  Cell nucleus divides into two new nuclei
• Interphase sub-stages


  • First gap period or G₁ where cell grows initially and synthesis of protein and ribonucleic acid or RNA occurs
  • Synthesis stage or S phase - DNA are synthesized thus replicating the chromosomes in preparation for the next cell division
  • Second gap or G2 where Cell grows rapidly and cell prepares for the actual cell division
• Prophase


  Repeated coiling of chromosomes resulted to its thicker and shorter structure
• Metaphase


  Chromosomes are align at the equatorial plane
• Anaphase


  Single chromatids move towards the opposite pole
• Telophase


  Nuclear membrane reforms
• Meiosis


  Cell division takes place in plants and animals whenever gametes, or sex cells, are formed through the process called gametogenesis
• Gregor Mendel


  Father of Genetics
• Mendel's Laws


  • Law of Dominance
  • Law of Segregation
  • Law of Independent Assortment
• Allele


  Different genes (possibilities) for the same trait or an alternate form of a gene
• Homozygous


  An individual who has two of the same allele
• Heterozygous


  An individual who has two of different allele
• Genotype


  Actual gene makeup
• Phenotype


  Physical appearance resulting from a given gene combination
• Dominant


  Gene that prevents the other gene from "showing"
• The main function of the endocrine system is to secrete hormones into the bloodstream, which then travel throughout the body.