English

• Research


  Establishes new findings through a systematic investigation to contribute to an exciting body of language
• Research Title


  Subject that researcher finds interesting when conducting research, needs to be narrowed down to focus on the main idea
• Abstract


  Summarizes all sections and helps readers decide whether or not to read the entire report
• Introduction


  Presents background information, scope, and focus of the research paper
• Literature Review


  Provides a review of what others have written or researched on connecting the topic
• Methodology


  Explains how the research was concluded, including research design, population and sampling procedure, research instrument, data gathering procedure and data analysis procedure
• Discussion


  Presents the information gathered through the research
• Conclusion


  Provides the summary of the research, brings the report to closure by giving emphasis to ideas stated previously
• Results


  Contains other related information such as graphs, charts, tables, and lists
• Interview


  A conversational practice where knowledge is produced through the interaction between the interviewer and an interviewee or a group of interviewees
• Interview Guide


  Summarizes the content that researchers cover during interviews
• Tips for formulating interview questions


  • Pose open, rather than close questions
  • Sequence interview questions from broad to narrow
  • Avoid the inclusion of possible responses in questions
  • Pose one question at a time
  • Avoid posing multi-part questions
• Questionnaire


  A set of questions to gather information in a survey, may be in the form of open-end format that allows the respondents to answer in any way they wish in their own terms
• Definition


  A statement of the meaning of a word or word group or a sign or symbol, the process of assigning a precise meaning to a term
• Technical definition


  Used to introduce the vocabulary which makes communication in a particular field to the point and clear, given by experts in the field where the nature, scope and meaning of the term is exact
• Operational definition


  The specific meaning of a word or phrase given to it by the group of people who use the word in their specific context, focuses on how the term is measured and applied and how it can be recognized within a particular set of circumstances
• Ways of writing definitions


  • Use present tense verbs
  • Use relative pronouns
  • Use verbals (gerund, infinitive, participle)
  • Use prepositional phrases
• Expanded definition


  One or more paragraphs that attempt to explain a term, can contain paraphrased or quoted information from a credible source
• Hypothesis- is a tentative explanation based on theory to predict a causal relationship between variables.
•  Control group- the group in an experimental design that receives either no treatment or a different treatment from the group.
• o Correlation- is a common statistical analysis ®, that measures the degree of relationship between pairs of interval variables in a sample.
• Delimitation- refers to the boundaries of the research study, based on the researcer’s decision of what inculde and what to exclude.
• o Dependent Variable- that varies due to the impact of the independent variable.
• o Framework- is the structure and support that may be used as both the launching point and the ongoing guidelines for investigating a research problem.
• Independent variable- is the conditions that are systematically manipulated by the researcher. NOT IMPACTED BY THE DEPENDENT VARIABLE.
• o Mean- implies average and it is the sum of used data .
• Null Hypothesis- is the proposition to be tested statistically that the experimental intervention has “no effect” meaning that treatment and control group will not differ as a result of the intervention.
• Non- Probability sampling- is the selection of subjects or sampling on its from a population using non-ramdom procedure.
• o Population- is the target group under investigation.
• o Probability Sampling- is the selection of subjects or sampling unis from a population using random procedure.
• Random Sampling- a process used in research to draw a sample of a population.
• o Sampler- is the population research in a particular study.
• o Statistical Analysis- is an application of statistical processes and theory to the complication presentation, discussion and interpretation of numerical data.
• o Triagulation- is a multi-method or pluralistic approach, using different methods in order to focus on the research topic.
• o Validity- is the degree to which study accurately reflects or asseses the specific concept that the researcher is attempting to measure.
• o Variable- is any characteristic or trait that can vary from one person.
• o Confindentiality- is a research condition in which no one except the researches knows the identities of the research participants in a study.
• o Anonymity- is a research condition in which no one, include researches, knows the identities of the participants in a study.
• o Accuracy- refers to the match between the target population and the sample.