CONCHEM 4TH

• Dyes

  are organic compounds that are widely used for imparting color to textiles.
• Auxochromes


  color helpers

  • Can shift the color of the dye
  • Attach the dyes to the fibers
• Bathochromic shift


  redshift

  • The position shift of a peak or signal to shorter wavelength (high energy)
• Hypsochromic shift


  blue shift

  • The position shift of a peak or signal to a longer wavelength (lower energy)
• Chromophore


  color bearing group
• Dyes absorb light in the visible spectrum of ____?

  400-700 nm
• NATURAL DYE


  are obtained from natural sources
• Mauveine

  • first synthetic dye made from fermented leaves of a plant
• Indigo

  • brilliant blue color made from fermented leaves of a plant.
• Red Lac dye

  • extracted from a lac, a resinous protective secretion of a tiny inscet.
• Iron oxide

  • give a brown color
  • Buff - derived from ferrous sulfate
• SYNTHETIC DYES

  1. Acid Dyes
  2. Basic Dyes
  3. Disperse Dyes
• Acid Dyes


  used to polyamides and proteins that carry a positive charge during the dyeing process.

  (example: acid black 1)
• Basic Dyes


  used to polyacrylics that carry a negative charge during the dyeing process.

  (example: basic red 13)
• Disperse Dyes


  they are dispersed in water rather than fully dissolved to carry out the dyeing process
• Dyes


  Organic compounds for coloring textiles
• Chromophore


  Part of a molecule responsible for color
• Conjugated System


  Alternate single and multiple bonds
• Resonance of Electrons


  Delocalization of electrons
• Auxochromes


  Compounds aiding dye color
• Bathochromic Shift


  Shift to longer wavelengths
• Hypsochromic Shift


  Shift to shorter wavelengths
• Natural Dyes


  Mauveine, Indigo, Red Lac dye, Iron oxide, Buff
• Synthetic Dyes


  Acid, Basic, Disperse Dyes
• Direct Dyes


  For cellulosic polymers
• Vat and Sulfur Dyes


  Used for cellulosic polymers
• Azoic Dyes


  Naphthol dye
• Reactive Dyes


  Chemically bond to fabric
• Insect Repellants


  Substances to deter insects
• Traditional Repellants


  Smoke, Pyrethrum
• Modern Synthetic Repellants


  DMP, Indalone, Rutgers 612, 6-2-2
• Natural Repellants


  Citriodiol, Citronellol, Geraniol
• Synthetic Repellants


  DEET, IR-3535, Picaridin
• Naked mole rats


  Rodents with exceptional cancer resistance due to unique conditions in their bodies.
• Microenvironment


  Complex system of cells and molecules surrounding a cell, influencing cancer development.
• Hyaluron


  Complex sugar in naked mole rats preventing cell clumping and tumor formation.
• Enzyme


  Molecule breaking down hyaluron, less active in naked mole rats.
• Anticancer drug


  Medication effective in treating malignant diseases like cancer.
• Chemotherapy


  Treatment destroying cancer cells, often targeting rapidly dividing cells.
• Total cell-kill


  Eradication of all neoplastic cells for desired treatment results.