Photography

• What is another name for traditional animation?

  Cel animation
• What is a MacGruffin?


  A type of plot device that drives the narrative forward, but ends up having little importance to the story. In other words, it is something that the characters care about, but is inconsequential for the audience.
• Which film maker is the most associated with the MacGruffin Techinque?

  Alfred Hitchcock
• What was the MacGruffin in a Hitchcock Sense?

  Nothingness = Crucial to moving the plot foward but actually holds no significant.
• What is the MacGuffin in Hitchcock's film "Psycho"?

  Stolen Money
• According to Hitchcock which of his films had the best example of a MacGuffin and what was it?


  North by Northwest = Microfilm
• What was George Lucas different approach to the MacGuffin film technique?


  The audience should care about a MacGuffin. It should move the plot forward and have real meaning to the characters and audience.
• What was the MacGuffin in Lucus 'Star Wars'?

  R2-D2
• What was the MacGuffin in Lucas 'Raiders of the Lost Ark'?

  The Arc of the Covenant
• 3 Reasons why MacGuffins are used:

  1. Can streamline a plot
  2. Subvert Expectations
  3. Character Growth
• What is Onion Skinning?

  In 2D computer graphics, onion skinning is a technique used in creating animated cartoons and editing movies to see several frames at once.
• How many frames are animated for a second for traditional animation?

  24 frames per second
•  2D Animation is also known as what based animation?

  Vector-based animation
• What is the application frequently used for this type of animation?

  Flash
• 3D Animation is also known as what?

  Computer animation
•  It most commonly uses how many frames per second?

  30 frames per second
• What is Motion Graphics animation?

  Motion graphics animation is the art of creatively moving graphic elements or text, usually for commercial or promotional purposes.
• What are the four types of Stop Motion animation?

  • Claymation
  • Silhouette Animation
  • Cutout Animation
  • Lego and Action Figure Animation
• Of these types of stop motion, which one is not used much today?

  Silhouette animation
• Mise-en-scene


  • Arrangement of all the elements we see on camera, e.g. setting, lighting, costumes, POV, behaviour of characters/protagonist
  • Allows the audience to self-analyse the context of the film, by making predictions or expecting to see a certain standard in the following moments of the film
• Setting


  • Provides the context of what, where and when within the film
• Props and costumes


  • Can provide cultural contexts, e.g. photographs and magazine styles create the illusion of being in a certain decade
• Camera angles and shots

  • Significant in establishing audience expectations, by emphasising specific things for various reasons
• Camera angles within the opening scene

  1. Attempt to create the effect of the point of view being through a person's eyes instead of being through a third-person camera perspective

  2. Shown through high-level angles observing the higher apartment buildings, low-level angles focusing on the community patio of the apartment block, and the eye-level shots walking towards the window
• Continuous camera shots


  1. Long shots, establishing shots, close-ups, mid-shots, panning motions and direct POV

  2. Convey the extensive implementation of context the shots are trying to portray while being ambiguous with dialogue
• Mise-en-scene and point-of-view utilisation allowed the audience to establish expectations during the opening scene of 'Rear Window'
• What is a Storyboard?

  It is a graphic representation of a how a story unfolds visually. It's a bit like a comic book. Professional film makers, documentary makers, and animators use storyboards to plan out individual shots for a film.
• Purpose of the Storyboard

  Assists in planning and drafting the narrative of a story.
• Different Types of Storyboards

  • Storyboards for Animation
  • Storyboards for Drama
  • Storyboards for Factual and Documentaries
  • Storyboards for Performance