Short Answer Questions

• What is the scientific method, and what are its main components?

  The scientific method is a systematic approach used to investigate and understand the natural world. Its main components include making observations, asking questions, forming a hypothesis, conducting experiments, analysing data, and drawing conclusions.
• Define independent variable and provide an example.

  The independent variable is the variable that is deliberately changed or manipulated in an experiment. An example would be the amount of fertiliser given to plants in a study on plant growth.
• Explain the concept of a dependent variable and give an example.

  The dependent variable is the variable that is being measured or observed in an experiment. It is the outcome or response that may change as a result of the independent variable. An example would be the height of the plants in a study on plant growth.
• What is the purpose of controlled variables in an experiment?

  Controlled variables are the factors in an experiment that are kept constant or unchanged. They are important to ensure that any observed changes in the dependent variable are due to the independent variable and not influenced by other factors.
• Describe the process of developing a hypothesis.

  The process of developing a hypothesis involves making an educated guess or prediction based on observations and prior knowledge. It should be testable and provide a possible explanation for the observed phenomenon.
• How would you design an experiment to test the hypothesis that plants grow taller in sunlight?

   To test the hypothesis that plants grow taller in sunlight, an experiment could be designed by setting up two groups of plants. One group would be placed in direct sunlight, while the other group would be placed in a shaded area. The height of the plants in each group would be measured over a period of time to compare their growth.
• What should be included in a clear and detailed scientific method?

  A clear and detailed scientific method should include the following components: observation, question, hypothesis, experiment, data collection, data analysis, and conclusion. It should also include a materials list, procedures, and any safety precautions.
• Why is it important to be precise with the materials list in an experiment?

   It is important to be precise with the materials list in an experiment to ensure that the same materials are used consistently across multiple trials or by different researchers. This helps to eliminate any potential sources of variation or error in the experiment.