classification

• classification- groups 


  domain

  kingdom

  phylum

  class

  order

  family

  genus

  species
• • it gets more specific as you go down the groups
  • the number of organisms in the groups decrease when they go down
• • for example, may different species with similar genotypes and phenotypes can be put in the same genus
  • but cannot produce fertile offspring together
• binomal system 


  eg humans= Homo sapiens

  • first name is the genus(capitalised) second name is the species(not capitalised)
  • allows for species to be universilly identified
• molecular phylogency

  • phylogency= evolutionary history of different groups of organisms and can specify how closely related they are
  • molecular phylogency=similarities or differences between molecules eg DNA,RNA to see how closely related they are
  • more similar=more recent common ancestor that they share
• 5 kingdoms

  • prokaryotae
  • protocista
  • fungi
  • plantae
  • animalia
• prokaryotae

  • prokaryotic cells
  • no nucleus
  • small and typically bacteria
• protocista

  • eukaryotic cells
  • watery environment
  • no cell wall(some) or cellulose cell walls+chloroplast(some)
• fungi

  • eukaryotic cells
  • no cellulose cell wall
  • reproduce using spores
• plantae

  • multi-cellular eukaryotic organisms
  • cellulose cell wall
  • vacuoles,chloroplast for photosynthesis
  • autotropics
• animalia

  • multicellular eukaryotic organisms
  • differentiate into specialised cells
  • no cell walls
• 3 domains

  • archae
  • bacteria
  • eukaryotes
• archae-prokaryotes

  • cell wall always
  • histones
  • circular chromosomes
• bacteria-prokaryotes

  • circular DNA
  • no histones
  • cell wall
• eukaryotes- eukaryotes

  • linear DNA
  • histones
  • sometimes cell wall