chapter 12-oxidation and reduction

• oxidation can be defined as the gain of oxygen atoms
• reduction can be defined as the loss of oxygen atoms
• oxidation can be defined as the loss of hydrogen
• reduction can be defined as the gain of hydrogen
• oxygen can be defined as the gain of electrons
• reductions can be defined as the loss of electrons
• gain and loss in oxidations state can show if a reaction is an oxidation or reduction reaction
• a redox reaction is a reaction that contains both a oxidation and reduction at the same time
• oxidising agents oxidise other substances while being reduced itself
• reducing agents reduce other substances while being oxidised in the process
• potassium iodide can be used to test for oxidising agents, if the iodide ions are oxidised, the mixture would turn yellow-brown
• acidified potassium manganate(VII) can be used to test for reducing agents, the mixture would decolorise if it is positive
• group 1 and 2 ions always follow their charge for their oxidation state
• hydrogen has a oxidation state of 1 or -1 when in a compound with only metals
• oxygen has a oxidation state of -2 except in peroxides where it is -1
• elements in group 17 usually have a oxidation state of -1 but could be from -1 to 7