entropy

• processes or reactions that proceed on

  their own in a definite direction, without

  any outside intervention.

  Spontaneous processes
• Any spontaneous processes is

  irreversible
• they go to completion if the

  system cannot be restored to its original

  state by following the same path used in

  attaining the final state.

  irreversible
• processes that cannot proceed

  unless there is a driving force or

  outside help that acts on the system.

  Example:

  A ball cannot brought up hill unless

  someone pushes it

  Non spontaneous processes
• is a measure of the disorder

  of a system.

  Entropy
• states that the natural

  tendency is for systems to move in the

  direction of increasing disorder or

  randomness.

  law of disorder
• is a measure of how much the atoms in

  a substance are free to spread out,

  move around, and arrange themselves

  in random ways.

  entropy
• the energy available to do

  work


  free energy:
• a reaction that

  favors the formation of products at the

  specified conditions; spontaneity

  depends on enthalpy and entropy

  changes

  spontaneous
• a reaction

  that does not favor the formation of

  products at the specified conditions

  nonspontaneous reaction:
• a measure of the disorder of a

  system; systems tend to go from a state

  of order (low entropy) to a state of

  maximum disorder (high entropy)


  entropy:
• it is a natural tendency

  of systems to move in the direction of

  maximum chaos or disorder

  law of disorder: