Social Factors

• What is family dysfunction?


  Unable to conform to the social norms expected, which prevents the family performing it's expected functions. Dysfunctional family is a family that does not provide some of all of the benefits of a family. Causes - health problems, mental health problems, poor housing, low income, neglect, divorce, aggression or poor parenting skills.
• How does divorce or separation affect development?


  Associated with negative outcomes + children can experience emotional problems that may affect self-esteem, self-confidence leading to emotional distress, moodiness + depression. May lack resilience. Lead to risky behaviours such as smoking, taking drugs or using alcohol.
• How does sibling rivalry affect development?


  Bandura social learning theory showed the impact of role modelling + imitating behaviour. Exposure to high levels of family conflict could lead to a child becoming aggressive + displaying bullying behaviour towards other children in the family. Research shows that children who are in rivalry with their siblings have been bullied by primary caregivers.
• How does bulling affect development + self esteem?


  Repetitive behaviour intended to hurt an individual. Experience bulling at school. Undermine self esteem + lead to stress anxiety and depression. Non physical, physical or cyber bullying. Long term affect on self esteem. Effects - feeling unsafe, isolated, loos in confidence, self critical, self harm, depression or suicidal thoughts.
• How can family help with development?


  Nuclear, single parent, extended, childless, stepfamily + grandparent. Family can help you develop by forming first relationships + attachments, first experiences of social interaction, influences view of what is expected in social settings, provide a setting that meets physical needs, emotional support, financial help.
• Culture, religion + beliefs


  May be working with service users whose culture or religious beliefs influence treatment decisions.

  Lead to complex situations + emotional distress that affects relationship between provider + family members.
• Medical intervention + development 


  Some religious people believe certain medical procedures should not be allowed + reject medical help. Doctors have had to take legal actions so children can receive life procedures. Affect pregnancy + childbirth where women may require special care + counselling before delivery to minimise blood loss. Most hospitals have list of doctors who are prepared to treat patients without using blood transfusion. Some cultures do not believe in medical intervention + use own remedies. Cause problems if medication is required they may be interactions with the herbs.
• Dietary restrictions 


  Important to consider dietary differences linked to religion + culture when planning a balanced diet. Make sure food is served and prepared to accommodate everyone in hospitals. Balanced diet should be followed to reduce affects on health + development. Vegetarianism has positive + negative effects. higher levels of fruit, veg + fibre and lower fats in the diet which lowers the risk of high cholesterol, heart disease + high blood pressure. Health risks for diets that done contain meat or fish. Calcium deficiency can cause weakness in bones + teeth.