matter

• Physical Properties


  Properties of matter that can be observed without changing the substance into another substance
• Physical Properties


  • Melting point
  • Boiling point
  • Odor/odour
  • Color
  • Taste
  • Solubility
  • Insolubilility
  • Density
  • Hardness
  • Softness
  • Volatility
  • Ductility
  • Malleability
  • Viscosity
  • Physical state
  • Thermal Conductivity
  • Electrical Conductivity
  • Conductivity
• Odor/odour


  Caused by one or more volatilized chemical compound, refers to a pleasant or unpleasant smell or scent
• Color


  Visual perceptual property corresponding in humans, derives from the spectrum of light interacting in the eye
• Solubility


  Ability of a substance to form a solution with another substance, the solvent, the solute
• Insolubility


  Opposite property of solubility
• Density


  Relationship between mass and volume, affected by the atomic mass of an element
• Hardness


  Ability of a material to resist deformation, the most commonly used hardness tests are defined by the shape and size
• Softness


  Quality of not being hard, firm, rough, and hard to touch
• Volatility


  Material quality that describes how readily a substance vaporizes
• Ductility


  Ability to be hammered thin
• Malleability


  Ability to be distorted below compression
• Viscosity


  Resistance of a fluid
• Physical state


  Characterizes the form of a substance (Solid, liquid,gas)
• Thermal Conductivity


  Rate at which heat is transferred by conduction
• Electrical Conductivity


  Measure the amount of electrical current, also known as SPECIFIC CONDUCTANCE
• Conductivity


  Intrinsic property of a material
• Chemical properties


  Can be measured or observed only
• Chemical properties

  • Flammability
  • Toxicity
  • Acidity
  • Reactivity
  • heat of combustion
• Flammability

  How easily something will burn or ignite
• Toxicity


  How dangerous a chemical is to your health
• Acidity


  Sour in taste
• Reactivity


  Ability of a chemical to react with another chemical to form a new substance
• Sodium is a highly reactive metal (chemical property)
• Heat of combustion


  Amount of energy that is released as heat when a substance is burned with oxygen
• Pure substance


  Forms of matter that have unchanging chemical composition, classified as elements and compounds
• Elements


  Substances that are made up of only one type of ATOM
• Elements in the human body


  • Calcium
  • Phosphorus
  • Magnesium
  • Sodium
  • Chlorine
  • Potassium
  • Sulfur
  • Iron
  • Zinc
  • Iodine
• Compounds


  Substance made up of more than one type of ATOM
• Mixture


  Two or more substances that are physically combined
• Homogenous mixture


  One phase or uniform appearance, same properties and composition
• Solution


  Two or More Substances in variable composition
• Separation techniques

  • Filtration
  • Evaporation
  • Sublimation
  • Distillation
  • Decantation
  • Crystallization
  • Sieving
• Filtration


  Process that separates solid particles from a liquid or gas
• Evaporation


  Liquid to gas
• Sublimation


  Solid to Gas
• Distillation


  Process of heating and cooling
• Decantation


  Separating a mixture
• Crystallization


  The process by which a pure solid in the form of a crystal separates from a saturated solution, atoms and molecules are highly organized into structure (CRYSTAL)
• Sieving


  Separate different types of mixture, using a sieve containing tiny holes to separate wanted elements from unwanted material