Topic 10 - Medieval Europe: Church and State

• Means of Grace - Scripture

  •  Jerome’s Latin Vulgate (c. 400 A.D.) 
  • Psalters (Psalms) 
  • Gospel Books 
  • Book of Hours (Prayer book)
• Means of Grace - Tradition

  •  Tradition with a capital “T” (not all “traditions”) 
  • Interpretations of Scripture 
  • Teachings of Church Councils 
  • Claim: Tradition is from the Apostles
• Means of Grace - Sacraments

  •  Instituted by Christ 
  • Ritual or action + proper disposition of participant 
  • Seven of them
• Means of Grace - Indulgences

  •  Removes penances for sins confessed 
  • Removes punishments after death (in purgatory) 
  • Granted for good work, almsgiving, pilgrimages