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• give the 5 levels of organisation.

  chemical, cellular, tissue, organ, system
• name the 11 body systems.


  integument, skeletal, muscular, cardiovascular, lymphatic and immune, endocrine, nervous, respiratory, digestive, urinary, reproductive.
• integumentary. give 5 components.


  skin, hair, nails, sweat glands and oil glands
• give 5 functions of the integumentary system.

  protection, temperature regulation, waste elimination, helps make vitamin D and detects sensations- hot, cold, touch, pain.
• skeletal system. give 3 component:

  bones, joints, cartilage.
• give 4 functions of skeletal:

  support and protection, muscle attachments, house cells that produce blood cells and store minerals and lipids
• muscular. give 1 component:

  skeletal muscle
• give 3 functions of skeletal muscle systesm:

  allows movement, stabilises body position (posture), generates heat.
• cardiovascular system. give 3 components:

  blood, heart, blood vessels.
• give 5 functions of cardiovascular:

  transports substances eg: gases, nutrients, waste, hormones-, temp regulation, osmoregulation, defence against disease, repair of tissues
• lymphatic and immune system. give 7 components:

  lymphatic fluid, lymphatic vessels and nodes, bone marrow, spleen, thymus and tonsils.
• give 3 functions of lymph system:

  returns proteins and fluid to blood, carries lipid from GI tract to blood, protects against disease and cancer.
• endocrine system. give 1 component and examples:


  hormone producing glands eg: hypothalamus, pituitary, thymus, thyroid gland, adrenal gland, ovaries, testes
• give 2 functions of endocrine:

  coordinates body function, releases hormones from glands to effect target organs.
• nervous system. give 4 components:

  brain, spinal cord, nerves, special sense organs eg: eyes and ears.
• give 3 functions of NS:


  generate nerve impulses to regulate body activity, detect stimuli and responds, initiates muscle contraction or gland secretion.
• respiratory system. give 7 components:


  lungs, air passages, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchioles, alveoli.
• give 3 functions of respiratory:

  gaseous exchange, regulates acid base balance of body fluids, enables sound production when air passes through vocal cords.
• digestive system. give 2 main components and their organs:

  organs of GI tract: mouth, pharynx, oesophagus, stomach, small and large intestine.

  accessory organs: salivary glands, gall bladder, liver, pancreas.
• 3 functions of digestive system:

  physical and chemical food breakdown, absorbs nutrients, eliminates solid waste
• urinary system. give 4 components:

  kidneys, ureters, bladder, urethra.
• give 5 functions of the urinary system:

  produce, store and eliminate urine

  eliminates metabolic waste

  regulates volume and chemical composition of the blood

  helps maintain the acid base balance of the body fluids

  regulates production of red blood cells.
• reproductive system. give 4 female and 4 male components: 


  female

  ovaries, uterus, fallopian tubes, vagina.

  male

  testes, epididymus, vas deferens, penis
• give 3 functions of reproductive system:


  gamete production, hormone release, regulate reproduction and associated body changes during puberty.
• tissue types. name the 4 basic tissue types:

  epithelial

  connective

  muscle

  nervous
• name the 3 layers of tissues:

  inside-

  outside-

  middle-

  in- endoderm

  out- ectoderm

  middle- mesoderm
• where do they tissues connect

  
• cell junctions. give 5 different types:

  tight, adherens, desmosome, hemidesmosome, gap
• tight junction. give 3 labels:

  adjacent membrane, intercellular space, strands of transmembrane proteins.

  
• give tight junction function:

  transmembrane proteins form tight, impermeable seal to prevent water and other small molecule movement.
• adherens junction. give 5 labels:

  
• give adherens junction function:


  mechanical role, hold together. cadherin in intermembrane space, spreads and stress felt through whole tissue.
• desmosome function. give 5 labels:


  
adjacent plasma membranes intercellular spaceplaquetransmembrane glycoprotein- cadherinintermediate filament- keratin

  
• give desmosome function:


  mechanical role, similar to adherens, like spots of attachment. connected to desmosome junction, connect adjacent cells.
• hemidesmosome. give 5 labels:

  intermediate filament- keratin

  plaque

  transmembrane glycoprotein- integrin- in extracellular space

  plasms membrane

  basement membrane

  
• give hemidesmosome function:


  secure cells to basement membrane.
• gap junction. give 3 labels:


  adjacent plasma membranes

  connexons- composed of connexins

  gap between cells

  
• give function of gap junction:


  individual proteins. connexins join to adjacent connexins forming a pore in between allowed transmission of electrical signals.
• tissues. give 4 types:


  nervous

  muscle

  epithelial

  connective
• nervous tissue. give function.


  detects internal and external changes in conditions and acts to maintain homeostasis.