BACK AND SPINE (LA)

• • Cervical - 7
  • Thoracic - 12
  • Lumbar - 5
  • Sacral - 5 (fused)
  • Coccygeal - 4 (lower 3 fused)

  Vertebral Grouping
• • A vertebral body - round, anterior
  • A vertebral arch - posterior
  • Vertebral foramen
  • A pair of cylindrical pedicles
  • A pair of flattened laminae
  • A spinous process
  • 2 pairs of articular processes

  A typical vertebra has:
• • Cervical - occipital artery, vertebral artery, deep cervical artery, ascending cervical artery
  • Thoracic - posterior intercostal arteries
  • Lumbar - subcostal arteries, lumbar arteries
  • Sacral - iliolumbar arteries, lateral sacral arteries
  • Venous:
  • - External vertebral venous plexus
  • - Internal vertebral venous plexus


  Blood Supply:
• • Atlanto-occipital joint
  • Atlantoaxial joint
  • Cartilaginous joints
  • Synovial joints
  • Joints between 2 vertebral bodies
  • Joints between 2 vertebral arches

  Joints of the Vertebral Column:
• • Found at the atlanto-occipital joint
  • Found at the atlantoaxial joint
  • Anterior Longitudinal Ligament
  • Posterior Longitudinal Ligament
  • Found between 2 vertebral arches

  Ligaments:
• Superficial Muscles

  Intermediate Muscles

  Deep or Postvertebral Muscles -

  Erector Spinae

  -

  Iliocostalis

  Longissimus

  Spinalis

  Transversospinalis

  -

  Semispinalis

  Multifidus

  Rotatores

  Deepest layer

  -

  Interspinales

  Intertransversarii

  Muscles of the Back
• Identify the picture


  A - Cervical

  B - Thoracic

  C - Lumbar

  D - Sacral

  E - Coccyx