NEED TO LEARN <3

• RIGHT REALIST PREVENTION 


  Murray believed that strong social bonds prevent deviance
• RIGHT REALIST PREVENTION 


  ENVIRONMENTAL CRIME PREVENTION

  1. Parents responsibility
  2. Neighbourhood watch schemes
  3. Removing anti-social behaviour
  4. Supervision of offenders
  5. Adapting zero-tolerance policy
  6. Heavier policing and more arrests
  7. Fast track punishment
• RIGHT REALIST PREVENTION 


  BROKEN WINDOWS THEORY

  1989 Operation Enforcement cleaned the underground
• RIGHT REALIST PREVENTION 


  BROKEN WINDOWS THEORY - Lack of care suggests that deviant norms are tolerated
• RIGHT REALIST PREVENTION 


  ZERO TOLERANCE POLICY LIMITATIONS - Uses a lot of resources and is very expensive. They could use the money on more serious crimes
• RIGHT REALIST PREVENTION 


  Focuses on control, containment and punishment by using policies to reduce risk and reward and increase costs of crime by using it as a deterrent
• RIGHT REALIST PREVENTION 


  LIMITATIONS - Ignores white collar crime

  Ignores impulsive crime

  Prioritises punishment and deterrents over the root cause of crime

  Does not address social and economic factors of crime
• LEFT REALIST PREVENTION 


  COMMUNITY BASED APPROACHED - Young and Matthews (1992)
• LEFT REALIST PREVENTION


  COMMUNITY BASED APPROACHED

  • Improving leisure facilities for young
  • Reducing income inequalities
  • Raising living standards of poorer families
  • Reducing unemployment and creating more jobs with better prospects
• LEFT REALIST PREVENTION


  SOCIAL CRIME RPEVENTION

  1. Formal social control - Police, government make laws to deter people from committing crime
  2. Informal social control - Agencies stop us from committing crime
  3. Offenders - Understanding their motivations and whether or not they feel marginalised may prevent future crimes
  4. Victims - How likely people are to become victims and how to decrease that likelihood
• LEFT REALIST PREVENTION


  LIMITATIONS:

  • They are too soft on crime
  • Does not consider how most people living in deprived areas do not turn to crime
  • Ignores white collar and co-operate crime
  • Neighbourhood policing may be seen as extensive control
• FUNCTIONALIST PUNISHMENT 


  Retributive Justice - When an offender commits a crime, they should be punished in a way which is proportional to the offense

  Restorative Justice - Repairs harm by providing opportunities
• SENTENCING 


  There are five aims to sentencing according to the Criminal Justice Act (2003)

  • Crime reduction - Using punishment as a deterrent
  • Rehabilitation - Criminals who are rehabilitated are less likely to reoffend
  • Public Protection - Removing offenders from the streets protects the public
  • Restorative Justice - Actively doing something to make up for the harm offenders caused (Community Service)
• PUNISHMENTS

  • Conviction - A formal declaration by a jury following the decision of a judge in court
  • Caution - Is not a criminal conviction and is a formal warning in response to a minor crime
  • Discharge - When a court finds you guilty but does not give a sentence
  • Custodial Sentence - Imprisonment for a period of time
  • On license - Being set free but with certain conditions such as tagging or set hours of unpaid work